Protein hydrolysates from low-value underutilised fish species are potential sources of high-quality dietary protein and health enhancing peptides. Six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BW-SPH-A_F), generated at industrial scale using different hydrolysis conditions, were assessed in terms of their protein equivalent content, amino acid profile and score and physicochemical properties in addition to their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and stimulate the secretion of insulin from BRIN-BD11 cells. Furthermore, the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) on the stability of the BW-SPHs and their associated in vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated. The BW-SPHs contained between 70–74% (w/w) protein and all essential and non-essential amino acids. All BW-SPHs mediated DPP-IV inhibitory (IC50: 2.12–2.90 mg protein/mL) and insulin secretory activity (2.5 mg/mL; 4.7 to 6.4-fold increase compared to the basal control (5.6 mM glucose alone)). All BW-SPHs were further hydrolysed during SGID. While the in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory and insulin secretory activity mediated by some BW-SPHs was reduced following SGID, the activity remained high. In general, the insulin secretory activity of the BW-SPHs were 4.5–5.4-fold higher than the basal control following SGID. The BW-SPHs generated herein provide potential for anti-diabetic related functional ingredients, whilst also enhancing environmental and commercial sustainability.

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Fish-derived proteins, particularly fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), offer potential as high-quality sources of dietary protein, whilst enhancing economic and environmental sustainability. This study investigated the impact of a blue whiting-derived protein hydrolysate (BWPH) on aminoacidaemia in vivo and skeletal muscle anabolism in vitro compared with whey protein isolate (WPI) and an isonitrogenous, non-essential amino acid (NEAA) control (0.33 g·kg-1·body mass-1) in an ex vivo, in vitro experimental design. Blood was obtained from seven healthy older adults (two males, five females; age: 72 ± 5 years, body mass index: 24.9 ± 1.6 kg·m2) in three separate trials in a randomised, counterbalanced, double-blind design. C2C12 myotubes were treated with ex vivo human serum-conditioned media (20%) for 4 h. Anabolic signalling (phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1) and puromycin incorporation were determined by immunoblotting. Although BWPH and WPI both induced postprandial essential aminoacidaemia in older adults above the NEAA control, peak and area under the curve (AUC) leucine and essential amino acids were more pronounced following WPI ingestion. Insulin was elevated above baseline in WPI and BWPH only, a finding reinforced by higher peak and AUC values compared with NEAA. Muscle protein synthesis, as measured by puromycin incorporation, was greater after incubation with WPI-fed serum compared with fasted serum (P = 0.042), and delta change was greater in WPI (P = 0.028) and BWPH (P = 0.030) compared with NEAA. Myotube hypertrophy was greater in WPI and BWPH compared with NEAA (both P = 0.045), but was similar between bioactive conditions (P = 0.853). Taken together, these preliminary findings demonstrate the anabolic potential of BWPH in vivo and ex vivo, thus providing justification for larger studies in older adults using gold-standard measures of acute and chronic MPS in vivo.

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Co‐encapsulation of lupulon and xanthohumol, as major bioactive components of hop in lecithin‐based nanoliposomes was developed by sonication method. The procedure of production was optimized by considering the duration and the power of ultrasound device as well as the concentration of lecithin as variables for the Response Surface Methodology. The average particle size, ζ‐potential, and the melting point of nanoliposomes were determined to be 167.2 nm, 36.4 mV, and 123.19°C, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of lupulon was 71.12%, while for xanthohumol it was 67.81%. Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoscale‐liposomes. The IC50 indicating the antioxidant activity of xanthohumol/lupulon‐loaded nanoliposomes was found to be 60.38 µg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration against Clostridium perfringens was equal to 32 mg/ml. This study shows the capability of lupulon and xanthohumol as nature products that simultaneously encapsulated in a liposomal coating to replace synthetic additives in model food such as meat products. Practical applications The global consumer trends to avoid synthetic additives in food products have been progressively increased in recent years. Lupulon and xanthohumol are two major components of hop extract which possess a number of promising biological activities. However, due to their bitter taste and strong flavor, these are not commercially used in food products in free state. In this study, lupulon and xanthohumol were simultaneously encapsulated in lecithin‐based nanoliposome by employing the sonication method. The procedure of nanoliposome production was optimized based on the efficiency of encapsulated materials released from the encapsulants. The biological activities of the lupulon/xanthohumol nanoliposomes were evaluated. The promising results from this study suggested replacing of synthetic additives in real food systems such as meat products by these native components in the format of encapsulation.