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Given a lattice polygon, we study the moduli space of all tropical plane curves with that Newton polygon. We determine a formula for the dimension of this space in terms of combinatorial properties of that polygon. We prove that if this polygon is nonhyperelliptic or maximal and hyperelliptic, then this formula matches the dimension of the moduli space of nondegenerate algebraic curves with that given Newton polygon.

We study tropically planar graphs, which are the graphs that appear in smooth tropical plane curves. We develop necessary conditions for graphs to be tropically planar, and compute the number of tropically planar graphs up to genus 7. We provide non-trivial upper and lower bounds on the number of tropically planar graphs, and prove that asymptotically 0% of connected trivalent planar graphs are tropically planar.

We provide lower bounds on the gonality of a graph in terms of its spectral and edge expansion. As a consequence, we see that the gonality of a random 3-regular graph is asymptotically almost surely greater than one seventh its genus.

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