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Introduction: All children, no matter where they born, deserve a healthy start in life. But harsh reality is that, in year 2012, 6.6 million children died in Bangladesh before their fifth birthday. The children constitute a large proportion of the total population of Bangladesh. They are 15 million, the vulnerable or special risk group; deserve exceptional health care as the child mortality and morbidity risks are much higher than their later life. Child morbidity is determined by several complex and inter-related factors in Bangladesh, specially in rural area.Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of morbidity of under five children, health seeking behaviour of their parents and the socio-demographic factors affecting those under five children's morbidity.Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out at Madhupur Thana under a rural area of Tangail District during January 2012 to June 2012 to find out the pattern of morbidities of under five children and health seeking behaviour of their parents. Total 170 mothers were selected purposively to carry out this study.Results: Among the cases of morbidities, 611(100%) sufferings of under five children were recorded from 170 respondents. The highest frequency (133, 21.76%) of sufferings of under five children were from cold, almost the similar number (132, 21.6%) of sufferings were from fever and 116(16.69%) sufferings were from diarrhoea. In this study, health care seeking behaviour for their children were found towards blessings from religious person (Jarphuk/Tabiz-11.77%), spiritual healer (Kobiraj-8.82%), herbal(7.06%), village doctor(20%) drug seller (17.06%), homeopath (12.94%), paramedic (4.71%), MBBS doctors (9.41%) and 8.23% did not take any treatment. Monthly income level of 51.8% respondents were from Taka 5000/- to Taka 10,000/-. On the other hand, only 07 respondents had highest level income of Taka 20,000/- to Taka 30,000/-. The mean income of the mother of under five children was Tk 10,064/- (SD= ± 5709.06). This study revealed that 14 respondents out of 170 did not take any treatment for their under five children. Out of these 14 respondents, 02(14.28%) even did not know the existence of treatment for the morbidity of their under five children. Again, 05(35.71%) respondents had the belief that their children would get cured without any medicine, 04 (28.57%) respondents had no health care centre nearby and 03(21.42%) respondents were unable to bear the treatment cost.Conclusion: Education and awareness of the parents about child health care are important components to reconsider for developing new strategy for improving existing situation of health seeking behaviour of parents for their under-5 children.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 59-63

Background: Disease burden of the society is reflected in Outpatient Departments (OPDs). The doctor-patient interaction mostly occurs in OPD and it offers many unique learning opportunities to the undergraduate medical students. Most of the knowledge, skill and attitude require for professional practice can be learnt in an OPD setting. Objectives: This study was driven to explore the current status of OPD based teaching-learning in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study conducted in selected eight medial colleges of Bangladesh from January to December 2022.Total sample size was 430; out of which 207 were students, 205 were teachers and Key Informants were 18. The data were collected by two sets of pre-tested questionnaires, interview schedule and checklist. Result: out of 205 teachers 84(41%) were from govt. medical colleges and 121(59%) were from non-govt medical colleges and 125(61%) teachers had more than 10 year of teaching experience. Out of 207 students,162 (78.3%) were female and 45(21.7%) were male. The study revealed 178(89%) of teachers and 183(88.4%) of students faced challenges during OPD class. Administrative problems were identified by 110(53.7%) teachers and 115(55.56%) students and rest of the participants stated academic problems. Special OPD setup was suggested by 156(76.1%) teachers and 189(91.3%) students. The study also revealed that 15(83.3%) key informants suggested in favour of reviewing undergraduate medical curriculum regarding similar class duration with in-patient department and OPD placement. Conclusion: The study concluded that undergraduate medical curriculum is to be reviewed with special emphasis on OPD based teaching-learning regarding duration, phases of placement and special OPD set up for maximum utilization of precious OPD time. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.14(2) July 2023: 18-22

Language policy research has traditionally focused on macro-level policies while language practices have been studied vis-à-vis macro policies to ascertain the success or failure of the policies. Policy as practice has only recently been conceptualized. This new strand of research argues that the real language policy of a community or institution resides in its practice. Language-in-education policies have traditionally advocated keeping learners’ first language separate from the target language fearing cross-contamination and hoping that this makes learning more effective. This “two solitudes” approach largely ignores what really happens in the classroom. Ethnographic research, however, shows that learners switch codes fluidly. The term “translanguaging” has been coined to describe such usual and normal practice of bilingualism without diglossic functional separation. Drawing upon the theories of practiced language policy and translanguaging, and adopting linguistic ethnography as method, I explored the “implicit and deducible” rules of language preference, that is, the practiced language policies of students in two language classes at the University of Dhaka. The findings show that students orient to a practiced language policy in which translanguaging is the norm and boundaries between languages become permeable.