Patient: Male, 45Final Diagnosis: Hepatopulmonary syndromeSymptoms: Dyspnea • edema of feetMedication: —Clinical Procedure: NoneSpecialty: Gastroenterology and HepatologyObjective:Unusual clinical courseBackground:Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication characterized by a triad of chronic liver disease, arterial hypoxemia, and pulmonary vascular dilations. Agitated saline contrast echocardiography is a simple inexpensive criterion standard procedure for confirming the diagnosis of HPS.Case Report:Here, we discuss a case of a 45-year-old male Indian patient with no medical history who presented to our hospital with exertional dyspnea, hypoxia, and classical signs of HPS. A diagnosis of cirrhosis was made on the basis of history, liver enzymes, and ultrasound, while HPS was diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography with agitated saline.Conclusions:HPS, although a complication of cirrhosis, can be the initial presentation in undiagnosed cirrhotic patients. Thus, it is important to include HPS in differentials when dealing with cases of progressive dyspnea. Also, the possibility of a liver disease etiology should be explored in patients with unexplained hypoxemia.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Postmenopausal women are found to have increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to aging and loss of protective effects of estrogen. It is essential to screen these women to facilitate early detection. Awareness, education & timely intervention can help in minimizing the morbidity and mortality in this group. In this study we tried to actually measure the burden of such risk factors in our region because such data is scarce compared to developed nations. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur. (M.S.) for a period of 2 years. 100 postmenopausal women were studied for cardiometabolic risk factors after fulfilling inclusion & exclusion criteria, by detailed clinical examination & laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was done by an expert using SPSS software v15.Chi square test was applied to derive statistical difference. Results: The mean age of study population was 57±5.4 yrs. A large proportion (51%) of subjects were illiterate. Majority of women (59%) belonged to low socioeconomic strata of the society. Mean age of menopause in our subjects was 47.2±1.2 yrs. 57% women belonged to light physical activity group. 49% women were in overweight BMI category, 13% were obese & only 32% had normal BMI. Total 56% women had dysglycemia & diabetic status was newly detected in 14% of them. In 57% subject's hypertension was detected for first time. Dyslipidemia was seen in 35% women. In total 35% subjects fulfilled criteria of metabolic syndrome.6% asymptomatic women were detected to be hypothyroid. In 6% women coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed by history, ECG& 2D-Echocardiography. Conclusion: There is clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women which predisposes them to hazards of cardiovascular diseases.(CVD) This study emphasises the importance of early & regular screening of these women to reduce the burden of CVD related morbidity & mortality. The awareness programmes, education of women with changes of lifestyle & timely intervention can help in achieving the goal.