KD may be a safe and effective option for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsies even while on a traditional carbohydrate rich South Indian diet.

Background and Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infections present with predominant respiratory symptoms. Only a few anecdotal reports of neurological involvement have come out from India so far. Adverse neurological events following immunization (AEFI) were also reported. We present the neurological symptoms seen either in association with vaccination or COVID-19 infection during the second wave. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included consecutive COVID-19 patients’ admissions during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in two tertiary health care centres in Kerala. Neurological symptoms two weeks prior or thirty days after a positive status of antigen or RTPCR was termed as COVID-19-Associated Neurological Disorders (CAND) and those with neurological symptoms within one month of COVID-19 vaccination was termed as Post-Vaccinal Neurological Disorders (PVND). Results: During the study period, 1270 COVID-19 admissions were reported. We identified neurological symptoms in 42 patients (3.3%), of which 35 were CAND and 7 were PVND. Stroke was the most common (50%), followed by seizures and peripheral nervous system disorders (14.2% each). Encephalitis/demyelination (11.9%) and COVID-19-associated infections (9.5%) were also seen. Conclusion: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, CAND and PVND have been emerging. Association of some of these may be fortuitous; however it is worth mentioning as pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 affecting various organ systems still remain unclear. Moreover, this may be helpful in future studies designing management options.

No abstract

Acute arterial ischemic stroke after minor head trauma has been reported in the past, mostly in infants. Most of these affected children had basal ganglia infarct on imaging. Investigations for other etiologies of stroke were noncontributory in most of the cases. Thin-slice computed tomography scan may show mineralizing angiopathy of lenticulostriate arteries. We report a clinical series of four infants who presented with the classical features of this distinct clinico-radiological entity. Clinical characteristics and risk factors at the time of stroke were described in detail. The long-term outcome on standard antiplatelet therapy is reported. None of the children had stroke recurrence during follow-up. The current literature on this clinico-radiological syndrome is reviewed in detail. In the typical cases, extensive etiological workup may not be warranted.