Pregnancy in sickle cell disease is associated with increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Sickle cell disease is very common in tribal populations. The objective of this study was to review the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with sickle cell disease of tribal populations. This is a retrospective study. The data extracted from the patients' case files included age, gravidity, family history, complications during pregnancy or at time of delivery or postpartum period, mode of delivery, and fetal outcome. There were 25 deliveries to women with sickle cell disease and 54 with sickle cell trait. Preeclampsia and disseminated intravascular coagulation were common problems associated with sickle cell disease as compared to the sickle cell trait and normal groups. No maternal mortality occurred during the period under study. However, a total of five intrauterine fetal deaths and one early neonatal death did occur. The present study confirms the previous reports, the increased risk of fetal death in women with sickle cell disease, however, in contrast to previous studies, no maternal mortality was found.

Objectives: To analyze the significant risk associated with obesity and its consequences on obstetrics management and perinatal outcome. Materials and methods:A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, MGM Medical College and My Hospital, Indore. The study enrolled 200 pregnant women with body mass index (BMI) >25 and equal number of women with normal BMI (18-24.9) as control.Results: A total of 76 (38%) out of 200 pregnant women were overweight, 70 (35%) were obese type 1 (BMI: 30-34.9), 44 (22%) had BMI (35-39.9) and 10 (5%) had BMI >40. In comparison to normal BMI pregnant women, women with BMI >25 had significant risk of gestation hypertension (p = 0.004), pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04) gestational diabetes mellitus and shoulder dystocia (p = 0.021), cesarean section (0.0001), induced labor (0.0001) and decreased incidence of VBAC (p = 0.037) with postoperative wound infection. Neonates of these women were mostly macrosomic (p = 0.021) and had high incidence of shoulder dystocia. Conclusion:High maternal BMI at booking is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. Achieving a normal BMI prior to conception with the institution of healthy eating and exercise regimens may represent an ideal option.

Background: Thyroid disease is one of the commonest endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, and when untreated during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications. The objective of this review was to increase awareness and to provide a review on adverse effect of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This prospective, observational hospital-based case-control study carried on women coming for antenatal check-up in a Tertiary Care Hospital in INDORE from May 2018-December 2018. 50 known booked antenatal (case) patient with established thyroid disorder, more than 32 week of gestation, and 50-matched euthyroid patients (control) were taken.Results: Women suffering from overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are nulliparous in 72% cases as compared to 32% in euthyroid patient. Increased maternal age was associated with higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction. Normal vaginal delivery by spontaneous labour seen in 56% of euthyroid, while it is reduced with thyroid dysfunction. 38% of altered thyroid profile patient undergo induction of labour and 24% cases undergo caesarean section as compared to control (17%). Adverse fetal outcome like intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth and ICU admission seen increased with thyroid dysfunction  as compared to euthyroid patients.Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, although has a low incidence, but is associated with adverse maternal and fetal implications. Thus, thyroid screening should be done in antenatal period to improve fetomaternal outcome.

Background: Preterm birth remains a significant problem in obstetric care, affecting women and babies world-wide. Progesterone has an essential role in maintaining pregnancy by suppression of the calcium–calmodulin–myosin light chain kinase system. This study reflects the use of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.Methods: The data were collected as a retrospective study from SAMC and PGI Obstetric and Gynaecology Department.Results: With the use of Oral micronized progesterone out of 15 cases, term delivery 9 cases i.e. 60% and preterm delivery 6 cases i.e 40% and, with the use of vaginal progesterone suppository out of 15 cases, term delivery 11 cases i.e.73.3%, preterm delivery only 4 cases i.e 26.7%.Conclusions: Progesterone appears to be safe and efficacious in reducing the risk of preterm birth as well as NICU admissions, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in high risk patients. However, there is limited information available relating to longer-term infant and childhood outcomes, the assessment of which remains a priority. Further, trials are required to assess the optimal timing, mode of administration and dose of administration of progesterone therapy when given to women considered to be at increased risk of early birth.

Osteoporosis has become a major health and economic problem in India. It is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architect deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone feebleness and vulnerability to fracture [2-4]. This mutely progressing metabolic bone disease is widely prevalent in India, and osteoporotic fractures are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in adult Indian men and women. The common sites of fracture are the spine, wrist and hip. Menopause an important milestone in the life of women and associated with fatigue and weakness, loss of bone mass at a greater rate about 3-5% per year of