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Nowadays, machine learning affects practically every industry, but the effectiveness of these systems depends on the accessibility of training data sets. Every device now produces data, and that data can serve as the foundation for upcoming technologies. Traditional machine learning systems need centralised data for their training, but the availability of valid and good amounts of data is not always possible due to various privacy risks. But federated learning can solve this issue [78]. In a federated learning (FL) environment, a model can be trained on decentralised datasets by involving a large number of participants, such as mobile devices or entire enterprises. Researchers are using this technique in various fields and getting great responses. The importance of using federated learning in the healthcare industry is highlighted in this paper since there is a wealth of data available in hospitals or electronic health records that may be used to train medical systems but cannot be shared due to privacy issues. The main contribution of this paper is to highlight the role of federated learning in the medical field. It also presents a list of frameworks available to implement federated learning models. The paper also listed the evaluation metrics used to check the efficiency of a federated learning model. Broadly used evaluation metrics are accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Open issues for research in this area are also discussed at the end of this paper.

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This research covers two phases: recognition & speech synthesis. The main aim of this research was to prepare a system which speaks the handwritten Punjabi word. Till now, the research for Punjabi word recognition is limited to 2460 Punjabi characters only (i.e. only for words available in database). In our proposed system, technique used for recognition is Support Vector M achine & for speech synthesis technique used is CTTS (Concatenative Text-to-Speech). For recognition, the proposed approach is database independent. But for speech synthesis, the proposed approach is database dependent.