Saffron, obtained from dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. flowers, is widely used as a food colouring and flavouring spice. The aim of this study was to determine crocin content and volatile constituents of saffron belonging to different quality categories. The quality categories of saffron samples differ in red stigmas (Sargol-I and Sargol-II) and threads with yellow styles (Pushal-I, Pushal-II and Bunch). The total amount of the crocin component was identified with HPLC as highest in the Sargol-I sample (66.67 mg/g) and lowest in the Bunch sample (51.66 mg/g). SPME followed by GC-MS was used to screen of saffron volatile composition. As the result of study, 40 volatile compounds were detected by 3 different fibers (PA, PDMS and CAR/PDMS). GC-MS (PDMS). Safranal, the main volatile compound of saffron, was determined in the Sargol-I, Sargol-II, Pushal-I, Pushal-II and Bunch category samples as 49.64%, 50.29%, 50.42%, 57.02% and 61.31%, respectively.
Satışa sunulan çaylar, genellikle farklı özellikteki çayların
harmanlarıdır. Tüketici talepleri, fiyat, kalite ve volum ağırlığı gibi bazı
zorunluluklar çayların harmanlanması gerektirir. Bazen farklı ülke çayları da
harmanda yer alabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye pazarında yaygın bulunan
siyah çaylardan biri 2mm, 1.4mm, 1mm, 500µm delik çaplarına sahip elek setinde
partikül boyutlarına göre ayrılmış; 15, 20 ve 25 dakika süre ile geleneksel çay
demleme yöntemine göre demlenmiştir. Demin bazı özellikleri üzerine, partikül
boyutunun ve demleme süresinin birlikte ve ayrı ayrı önemli etkisi olmuştur (P
< 0.05, P <0.001). Nitekim, en yüksek ekstrakt verimi, toplam
fenolik madde miktarı ve bulanıklık değerleri 25 dakika süre ile demlenen en
küçük partiküllü çayda belirlenmiştir. Kafein, theaflavin (TF), thearubigin
(TR), toplam renk ve %parlaklık değeri üzerine demleme süresinin etkisi
önemsiz iken, bu değerler üzerine partikül büyüklüğünün önemli (P
<0.001) etkisi olmuştur. Sonuçlar, pazara sunulan çayın farklı kalite
özelliklerine sahip ve muhtemelen farklı menşeli ülke çaylarından
harmanlandığını da göstermiştir.
Bergamot peel essential oil is a high value product which can be used in food, beverage, confectionary, and cosmetic industries. Bergamot essential oil has high volatility, so it could be easily affected by environmental factors so it should be protected with further techniques to increase its shelf-life. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different wall material compositions on the product yield, encapsulation efficiency, physical and chemical properties of encapsulated oil powders. For this purpose, bergamot essential oil was encapsulated with gum arabic and maltodextrin (
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.