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ABSTRACT. Five groups of Callithrixjacchusjacehus were studied in the field in north east Brazil.Group size and composition were similar to that described for other callitrichids, but changes in group membership occurred much more frequently than previously reported. There was a 50 ~ turnover in group membership in a six month period, and adult males changed groups particularly often. Most groups contained only one reproductively active female, but there was evidence that one group contained two females that were reproductively active simultaneously. Some groups had several adult females, and the role of reproductive female switched from one individual to another with time.Individual marmosets are faced with an unusually wide range of alternative life history strategies involving different combinations of location and reproductive condition. We argue that marmoset social organization is best studied at the level of the whole population within an area, rather than at the level of the individual group.

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