Vol. 17, n° 2, pp. 159-178, 2018 Revista UIS Ingenierías ResumenSe detalla la implementación de un controlador PID didáctico para el control de nivel de agua. El hardware integra una bomba centrífuga, tuberías y elementos conectores varios, válvulas de flujo, una válvula proporcional DANFOSS, un sensor ultrasónico de nivel FLOWLINE DL10 y usando Simatic WinCC en un PLC Siemens S7-300. Los parámetros del proceso fueron determinados experimentalmente y utilizados para calcular los valores de las ganancias PID ante una entrada tipo escalón. Se dedujo la ecuación ideal del proceso, usada como planta en un modelo del sistema ideal en Simulink, y su respuesta fue comparada con la experimental. Bajo condiciones de apreciables cambios en la consigna, el control tipo proporcional P muestra el mejor desempeño representado en un rápido tiempo de respuesta. El tipo de control PID mostró ser ventajoso cuando se trata de mantener la variable controlada cerca al punto de consigna, o de seguir pequeños cambios en el set point; la abertura de la válvula requiere un poco más de tiempo para set points relativamente grandes.Palabras clave: Control de nivel; PID; S7-300; instrumentación industrial. AbstractA didactic PID controller implementation for water level control is detailed. Hardware is comprised a comprised of pump, pipelines and various connecting elements, flow valves, a DANFOSS proportional valve, a FLOWLINE DL10 ultrasound level sensor and Simatic WinCC in a Siemens S7300 PLC. Experimental tests allowed estimating process parameters, that were used to calculate the control gains before a unit step forcing function. The deduced ideal process equation was used as the plant of a Simulink model to compare against experimental findings. Under moderate changes in the set point, proportional (P) control exhibits the best performance with a rapid response time. PID control was advantageous when the control variable is near the set point (small changes) since the valve opening requires more time for relatively big set points.
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