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We present a patient with Crohn’s disease under treatment with adalimumab who developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with core-binding factor beta gene rearrangement. This case report emphasises the importance of long-term close follow-up of patients receiving adalimumab because of the increased risk of developing AML and other malignancies.

Adrenal myelolipomas are benign adrenocortical tumors composed of adipose tissue mixed with hematopoietic precursor cells. An association of myelolipoma with adrenal cortical adenoma is rare and the pathogenesis of these tumors remains unclear. Here we present a case of an incidentally discovered adrenal tumor with radiologic characteristics of a myelolipoma who underwent adrenalectomy due to biochemical suspicion for pheochromocytoma. The final pathology, however, revealed a myelolipoma with a co-existing adrenal cortical adenoma without evidence of pheochromocytoma. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of a hitherto unreported heterozygous variant, c.329C>A (p.Ala110Asp), of the armadillo repeat-containing protein 5 (ARMC5) gene which when inactivated is commonly associated with bilateral adrenal nodularity.

Background Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic for several cardiac arrhythmias. Due to its high iodine content and long half-life with direct toxic effects on the thyroid gland, it is known to cause a spectrum of thyroid dysfunction. AIT type 1, a form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, and AIT type 2, a drug induced destructive thyroiditis, pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Since the physical and psychological consequences of long-term therapy with either condition are too large to ignore, it is crucial to differentiate between the two types. Histopathologic findings in AIT includes disrupted follicles filled with desquamated vacuolated epithelial cells, foamy macrophages, scattered lymphocytes, involution changes and fibrosis. However, these changes may be subtle in patients who have been treated with long term high dose steroids, but helpful in establishing either AIT 1 or 2. Case A 56-year-old man with a history of cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 30% and atrial flutter treated previously with six months of amiodarone, presented for a routine appointment found to be in atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate. The patient was off amiodarone therapy for ∼ 6 months prior to current presentation. The patient was referred to the ER where initial vital signs were remarkable for heart rate in the 140s. Exam was remarkable for mild tremor of the outstretched bilateral hands. Labs were remarkable for TSH of 0.01 ulU/ml (0.27-4.20), Free T4 of 2.2 ng/dl (0.93-1.70), Free T3 of 5.9 pg/ml(2.3-4.2). Thyroid ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneously enlarged thyroid gland with no increased vascularity, and 2.4 cm isthmus nodule of a TI-RAD-3. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) of 96 (<140%), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) of 2IU/ml (<9). Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) revealed a severely decreased uptake in the setting of amiodarone use. Mixed AIT was suspected and patient was placed on titrated dose of Methimazole (MMI) and Prednisone. Approximately three weeks later, patient was discharged on MMI 40 mg TID and Prednisone 60 mg daily. He had a close outpatient follow up with further titration of prednisone to 80 mg daily. Due to prolonged nature of disease, he was subsequently referred for total thyroidectomy. Histological examination revealed subtle changes including desquamated follicular epithelial cells and intrafollicular foamy macrophages. The thyroid architecture was maintained and no inflammatory infiltrates of fibrosis were noted. These findings are consistent with AIT type 2. Conclusion AIT is a challenging diagnosis, and in medically refractory cases, total thyroidectomy is a curative option. The pathological findings in a patients treated with prolonged steroids may dampen inflammation of AIT2, and therefore careful histologic examination and monitoring of inflammatory markers may help to consolidate diagnosis. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Introduction Hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs in ∼20-30% of cancer patients. This mostly occurs by three mechanisms: humoral mediated from excess production of PTHrP, osteoclast mediated bone resorption from osteolytic metastasis and calcitriol mediated in granulomatous diseases such as lymphoma. Very rarely, PTH mediated hypercalcemia can occur in the setting of ectopic PTH production from tumor cells. Case presentation A 57 year- old woman with a medical history of hypertension and hyperthyroidism presented to the emergency department with several days of fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation and abdominal pain. Exam was remarkable for a heart rate (HR) of 140, lethargy, dry mucous membranes and chronic bilateral proptosis. Labs were remarkable for corrected calcium level of 18.38 mg/dl, Phosphorous of 3.2 mg/dL, Mg level of 1.2 mEq/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 20 mg/dL, creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL alkaline phosphatase of 170 units/L, and Lactic acid was 3.0 mmol/L. TSH 0.291 (0.40-4.7), FT4 1.51 ng/dl (0.70-1.80), FT3 3.2 pg/ml (2.8-5.3). Patient was treated with IV fluids, calcitonin 4u/kg bid, zoledronic acid 4 mg and started on cinacalcet. Further workup revealed elevated PTH of 1351 pg/ml (16-80), PTH-rP of 28 (<2), 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 25.5 ng/ml (30-100), 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D level of 59.8 pg/ml (19.9-79.3). Patient couldn't tolerate sestamibi scan. 4DCT couldn't be performed due to creatinine elevation Bedside US performed did not show any evidence of parathyroid adenoma. CT, abdomen and pelvis a large mass in the cervix and cecum. Cervical biopsy revealed necrotic tumor with vary rare nests of viable atypical cells. Given persistent hypercalcemia, despite additional treatment, CRRT was initiated on hospital day 15 with rapid normalization of calcium level. However, patient continued to rapidly deteriorate with multi-organ failure and was transitioned to comfort care before expiring. Autopsy revealed poorly differentiated necrotic cervical carcinoma measuring 12×6×8 cm with metastasis to the left ovary as well as multiple tumor lesions in the liver. Parathyroid glands were normal on gross exam. PTH staining could not be performed given degree of tumor necrosis Discussion Hypercalcemia with elevated PTH and negative localization studies, should raise suspicion for ectopic PTH production from underlying malignancy. In PTHrP mediated hypercalcemia, PTH as well as 1,25 (OH) D are expected to be suppressed. This patient had an elevated PTHrP but not enough to suppress PTH or 1,25 (OH) D level. Given that parathyroid glands were normal on gross exam; this is consistent with ectopic PTH mediated hypercalcemia with component of PTHrP co-secretion. Hypercalcemia of malignancy presents late and portends a poor prognosis and therefore appropriate diagnosis and management is critical. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 12:42 p.m. - 12:47 p.m.