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Abstract-In this paper, study of the second order statistics of the Nakagami-Hoyt fading channel model (Nakagami-q model) is considered. Expressions for the level crossing rate (LCR) as well as the average duration of fades (ADF) are derived. It is shown that the obtained analytical quantities best fit the corresponding measurement data for an equivalent mobile satellite channel in the case of an environment with heavy shadowing. This leads to the conclusion that the Nakagami-q model is applicable to realistic mobile communication channels. A simple and efficient deterministic simulation model based on the Rice's sum of sinusoids, which enables the emulation of the fading envelope of the Nakagami-q model with the desired statistics, is also described. A very good agreement is obtained between the simulated, analytical, and experimental statistics.

In mobile-to-mobile (M2M) communication systems, both the transmitter and the receiver are moving with a certain velocity which is usually assumed to be constant over time. However, in realistic propagation scenarios, the velocity of the mobile stations (MSs) is subject to changes resulting in a nonstationary fading process. In this paper, we develop a nonstationary narrowband M2M multipath fading channel model, where the transmitter and the receiver experience changes in their velocities and trajectories. For this model, we derive expressions for the local autocorrelation function (ACF), the Wigner-Ville spectrum, the local average Doppler shift, and the local Doppler spread under isotropic scattering conditions. In addition, we investigate the correlation properties of the proposed model assuming non-isotropic scattering around the MSs. By relaxing the standard assumption of constant velocities of the MSs, our study shows that the local ACF and the Wigner-Ville spectrum differ completely from known expressions derived for wide-sense stationary (WSS) M2M channel models. Furthermore, it is shown that our model provides consistent results with respect to the Doppler spread. The proposed channel model is useful for the performance analysis of M2M communication systems under non-stationary conditions caused by velocity variations of the MSs.

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