ResumenSe prepararon hidrolizados de proteína a partir de vísceras de Tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.), una importante especie de pescado de gran producción en Colombia. En la hidrólisis se evaluaron tres enzimas diferentes (Alcalase, Neutrase y Flavourzyme) para establecer con cuál de ellas se obtendría el mayor grado de hidrólisis (GH). Se utilizó el método del pH-stat y en cada enzima se aplicó un diseño factorial 2 2 para evaluar el efecto de la temperatura y el pH, sobre el GH. Se alcanzaron valores máximos de GH de 10.9%. para Alcalasa, y 3.9% para Neutrasa y Flavourzyme. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis de superficie de respuesta 3 2 para la hidrolisis con Alcalase. Los resultados mostraron que el GH fue maximizado bajo las siguientes condiciones: pH= 9.5 y T=53.45ºC manteniendo constante la concentración inicial de sustrato, concentración de enzima y tiempo de reacción. Finalmente se evaluó el efecto del sustrato variando la concentración de proteína entre 12.5 g/L, 21.25 g/L, 29.5 g/L y 37.5 g/L y determinando las constantes cinéticas de Michaelis-Menten. Palabras clave: vísceras de tilapia; hidrolizados de proteína de pescado; grado de hidrolisis; diseño factorial Effect of Temperature, pH, Substrate Concentration and type of Enzyme on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Viscera of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) AbstractProtein hydrolysates were prepared from viscera of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), an important fish species of great production in Colombia. Hydrolysis with three different enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Neutrase) were evaluated to establish which of them deliver the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) using the pH-stat method. On each enzyme a 2 2 factorial design was applied to evaluate the effect of temperature and pH on the DH. Maximum DH values of 10.9% for Alcalase and 3.9% for Flavourzyme and Neutrase were obtained. Subsequently, a response surface 3 2 analysis for the hydrolysis with Alcalase was performed. The results showed that the DH is maximized when working at pH= 9.5 and T= 53.45°C keeping constant the initial substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and reaction time. Finally the effect of substrate was evaluated varying protein concentration between 12.5 g/L, 21.25 g/L, 29.5 g/L and 37.5 g/L. Furthermore, the kinetic constants of Michaelis-Menten were evaluated.
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