Resumen: La escritura para la reflexión pedagógica es una competencia profesional docente que debe ser desarrollada durante la formación inicial para que, posteriormente, pueda ser aplicada en diversos contextos educativos, enriqueciendo así el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje tanto del propio profesor como de los estudiantes con los que este interactúa. El ámbito de formación práctica es un espacio curricular donde esta competencia asume mayor preponderancia, pues el futuro profesor debe transferir diversos conocimientos teóricos hacia el ejercicio de aula. Bajo este contexto, es posible reconocer la producción y circulación de ciertos géneros escritos específicos que dan cuenta de esta competencia. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal caracterizar, desde una perspectiva socioretórica, los géneros de reflexión pedagógica que escriben los estudiantes de dos carreras de pedagogía de una universidad chilena durante su formación práctica. Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo y con un diseño de Estudios de Casos Múltiples, se aplicaron dos instrumentos de recolección de datos: entrevistas semiestructuradas y focus group a profesores y estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Especial y Educación Parvularia. Entre los principales resultados destacan el reconocimiento de la escritura como un recurso que recoge la reflexión pedagógica de los profesores en formación; la utilización de determinados géneros pedagógicos en cada carrera y además la existencia de una progresión en el uso de estos de acuerdo a la complejidad y avance en el recorrido formativo del Plan de Estudios.

Dada la relevancia del desarrollo de habilidades orales situadas, tanto para la trayectoria formativa como para el ejercicio profesional del derecho, resulta fundamental incorporar dispositivos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los géneros orales más frecuentes de dicho campo disciplinar a lo largo del currículum. En este contexto, el presente estudio, enmarcado en el ámbito de la alfabetización académica y disciplinar, da cuenta, en primer término, del proceso y del producto de la descripción del género solemne oral, realizada a partir de herramientas de la Lingüístico Sistémico Funcional (LSF) y del enfoque etnográfico. Como segundo resultado, esta investigación analiza la percepción de los estudiantes de un curso de escritura y oralidad intensivas, anclado en la malla curricular de la carrera de Derecho en una universidad tradicional chilena, sobre la transferencia del aprendizaje de dicho género a otras instancias de la carrera. Entre las conclusiones destaca la relevancia del trabajo interdisciplinario para efectos de las acciones de alfabetización disciplinar, así como también se discuten los alcances de la descripción de géneros de una comunidad académica particular para fines educativos.

Many industrial sectors seek to improve their management by applying new methods, often implementing innovative procedures since they are forced to adapt to 4.0 technology, of which financial institutions are not far from this reality. This article develops the union of two well-known methodologies, but together, that is, the Lean Management methodology and the Cloud Computing methodology. The union of these two methodologies, Lean Computing is born, which will help to know what its impact is with industry 4.0 to improve the management of internal attentions in terms of a financial institution. The methodology used for the development of this topic is of the applied type, it has a pre-experimental quantitative approach based on a study group, both pretest and posttest. Likewise, it has an application link since it requires a positive transformation of the problem. After the application of this methodology, it was obtained that productivity increased by 52%, the cost gained by 68%, while the invested cost decreased by 38% and the lost cost by 55%, all of these while the invested cost decreased by 38% and the lost cost by 55%, all of these comparing the results of the pretest and posttest taken in a period of time of 30 days. Whit theses results it can be seen that the implementation of this new methodology has positive impacts and is of great help to the entity under study.

Study question Is it effective to request a second consecutive semen sample in patients with less than 1 million TPMSC in a first semen sample for IUI? Summary answer In men with TPMSC under one million, the issuing of a second consecutive sample reached pregnancy rates similar to those published for IUI. What is known already IUI offers a comparable cumulative live birth rate in 3-4 cycles compared to IVF and can be preferred as a cost-effective first-line treatment in mild male factor or unexplained infertility. The quality of the processed semen sample is an important factor for the IUI success. The WHO recommends an abstinence period to ensure best quality of semen samples. However, it has been observed that when men with moderate male factor who are unable to meet the minimum requirements for IUI are asked to produce a second sample better counts are obtained; questioning the time correlation between abstinence and semen quality. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective study conducted in the reproductive medicine unit of a private hospital in Chile between July 2015 and March 2021. All patients who underwent IUI in the study period that had an TPMSC less than 1 million in the eyaculate and to whom a second consecutive sample was requested were included. Participants/materials, setting, methods 118 patients who underwent 140 IUI cycles were included in the study. All the patients with an PMSC under 1 million at the time of the IUI were requested a second consecutive semen sample within an hour or two from the previous eyaculate. The second samples were processed and used for insemination. The primary outcome was pregnancy rate. The secondary outcomes were semen quality (TPMSC of first and second semen samples). Main results and the role of chance Between 2015 and 2021 there were 140 IUI cycles in which a second consecutive semen sample was requested, including 118 patients. Overall 17 pregnancies were achieved. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 12,14% and the pregnancy rate per patient was 14,4%. The live birth rate per patient was 10,2%. Regarding the sperm sample analysis, the median TPMSC of the first semen sample was 261.437. The median PMSC of the second consecutive sample was 7.315.000. 126 patients had an TPMSC of 0 in the first semen sample while only 9 patients had an IMSC of 0 in the second sample. In five cases a third consecutive sample was requested of which 4 patients had their cycles canceled because they did not meet the target PMSC. One patient had an TPMSC of 1.687.000 in the third sample. Finally, of the 118 patients who did not meet the requirements for IUI with the first sample, only 19 cycles were canceled. Limitations, reasons for caution The study has the limitation of being a retrospective and descriptive study with no contol group. Also the group is heterogeneous because it includes patients with different female factors for infertility. Wider implications of the findings In developing countries and low-income settings the IUI remains a more accessible alternative in patients with infertility. Routinely recollecting a second semen sample in men with TPMSC <1 million would reduce cycle cancellation rates due to not achieving an optimal TPMSC, reaching pregnancy rates similar to those published for IUI. Trial registration number Not applicable