Modules are important teaching materials to be developed in the learning process. The discovery learning teaching module is one solution that can help students distinguishing between oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. This study aims to develop a product in the form of a discovery learning-based teaching module to measure students' cognitive abilities on redox material. The method used in this research is R & D (Research and Development) with a 3D development model, namely Define, Design, and Development. The results obtained from the experts on the product are valid in terms of material with a percentage value of 89.17% and in terms of media with a percentage of 91.4%. The effectiveness of using the product developed was tested at Pangudi Luhur St. Louis IX Sedayu Senior High School Yogyakarta with the results of the pre-test and post-test of students calculated by the gain score formula and obtained an increase of 0.56 with moderate criteria. The results of the student response questionnaire are an average percentage of 80.13% with a good category while the teacher's response gets a very good category with a percentage of 94%. The use of discovery learning-based teaching modules on redox reaction materials is valid, effective, and practical to improve students' cognitive abilities.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) is one of the vegetable plants that are generally consumed as food. Pumpkin skin is a waste that has potential as a raw material for making bioplastics because it has pectin content. The characteristics of pectin that are gel become a reference in making bioplastics. Bioplastic synthesis consists of four steps, namely the making of pumpkin peel flour, pectin extraction, bioplastic synthesis, and bioplastic characterization. The experimental results show that pumpkin skin waste can be extracted with HCl solution and produce pectin in a ratio of0.1:10 grams (w/w). The results of FTIR spectra characterization showed that bioplastics included pectin which produced absorption of C = O carbonyl groups in 1645 - 1625 cm-1 and C-O stretch groups at 1101 - 1104 cm-1. Bioplastics produced have yellow characteristic. Pumpkin skin waste bioplastics are expected to be an alternative solution to the utilization of waste into products.