3D cadastral systems are more complex than traditional cadastral systems and they require more complex technical solutions and innovative use of developing technologies. Regarding data integrity and data consistency, 3D cadastral data should be maintained by a Database Management System (DBMS). Furthermore, there are still challenges regarding visualization of 3D cadastral data. A prototype of the 3D cadastral system based on a NoSQL database and a JavaScript application for 3D visualization is designed and tested in order to investigate the possibilities of using new technical solutions. It is assumed that this approach, with further development, could be a good basis for the development of a modern 3D cadastral system. MongoDB database is used for storing data and Cesium JavaScript library is used for 3D visualization. The system uses an LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) based data model. Additionally, script languages, libraries, application programming interfaces (APIs), software and data formats are used for the system development. The case study is based on the real cadastral data. The underground object and building units located below and above the ground level are used to test the proposed data model and the system’s functionality. The proposed system needs further development in order to provide full support to a modern 3D cadastral system. However, it allows maintenance of 3D cadastral data and basic 3D visualization with the interactive approach.

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The growth of densely populated urban areas has caused traditional cadastral registration systems to face many difficulties in representing complex and multilevel property situations on 2D maps. These challenges, combined with the rapid development of 3D technologies, have forced the research and progress of 3D cadastre systems. The aim of this study is to investigate how a Building Information Model (BIM) can be used as a data source for the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) based 3D cadastre system, and how that process can be improved. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format and the LADM-based model were selected because both are international open standards that have a significant impact in their own domain. The data sample for the 3D cadastre system was extracted from a BIM model. The paper proposes an IFC format extension which makes it possible to define 3D geometry according to the LADM standard. In order to demonstrate this extension, the West 65 residential and business complex, Belgrade, was selected as a case study. The IFC format extension presented here is a step towards data harmonization between BIM in the IFC format and 3D cadastre systems; it should provide more suitable data in the current IFC schema and enable easy data flow between BIM projects and 3D cadastral data.

Land consolidation represents the most comprehensive proven instrument of development of agriculture and rural regions. Land consolidation in Serbia has a long tradition, over 1,700,000 hectares of agricultural land has been consolidated in the past. However, there are still large areas of agricultural land, especially in undeveloped parts of Serbia that needs to be consolidated. Since the funds are limited and land consolidation cannot be carried out in all areas in short period of time, there is a need for finding the right mechanisms to choose the areas and municipalities in which the land consolidation will produce the most results and bring the most benefits. This research defines the main steps in process of selection of municipalities for land consolidation. It also defines the selection criteria which were regarded in two major categories. This research was implemented in project "Rural Development: Effective Land Management" financed by European Union and German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This project served as case study for implementation of this research.

Land readjustment (LR) is increasingly applied as a tool of urban policy implementation in many countries of the world. In Serbia, LR is a new tool that is being introduced into the legal system and into planning practice, from which a significant contribution to the urban development of the country is expected. Countries have different models of LR, which are adjusted to the particular conditions specific for that society. This is to be expected, having in mind the specificity of each country. This paper presents the development of land readjustment models which are adjusted to Serbia, but could also be used in the countries of South-East Europe, considering that the predominant conditions are similar. The most important item in this process is defining the key elements which determine the nature of the model: the existence and appropriateness of the urban plan and the distribution of benefits from increased land value. The paper also presents a case study of LR implementation on the basis of defined models, after which an analysis of the outcomes is presented. It is concluded that by applying the LR models presented, numerous significant issues that occurred in the past can be solved.