In this paper, an approach to a new method for the spatio-temporal forecasting of hydrological variables in basins is proposed termed as CIHAM-UC-SPF-HV. This was demonstrated using as hydrological variables to the precipitation and evaporation measured in 174 and 82 monitoring stations respectively, during period 1960-2000 located in the UTM zone 19 North of Venezuela and the indirect variable estimated by a water balance. This comprises the stages: 1) Collection of hydrological data, 2) Estimation of hydrological variable's spatial prediction, 3) Temporal forecasting of parameters derived from statistical spatial prediction model for hydrological variables, 4) Spatio-Temporal forecasting of hydrological variables, and 5) Validation of the results in the forecasted hydrological variables. The main advantages are: 1) the combination of deterministic and spatially correlated random components, both of these supported by historical records associated to time series of hydrological variables, and 2) multiple mathematical structures contribute to predict the parameters of statistical spatial forecasting model of the hydrological variables, selecting that by which the seasonal pattern and trend to be the closest to the observed values. The method is suitable to reproduce the spatio-temporal pattern between observed and forecasted values below two standard deviation of the mean values.

This article presents, as a novelty, the design of the Tropical Wetland Management Model (TWMM). The model is based on the components and criteria established in the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, (Ramsar Convention). The TWMM consists of the formulation of a multicriteria matrix (MCM), analyzing its applicability for the Urama-Venezuela Wetland. The MCM includes five components for comparison, 25 criteria, and 56 attributes that make up the structure of the management model. The MCM contributes to decision making for the formulation of the management model based on the analysis of eight countries in the Latin American region and two European cases: Spain and the European Union. As a result, an integrated matrix measured by a Wetland Management Model Index (WMMI) was obtained. The quantitative value of the index was as follow: Argentina,

This article has proposed an approach for management modeling of a tropical wetland. The model is based on the combination of the components and criteria established in the 4th Strategic Plan (SP4) 2016–2024 of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands with Bloom's Taxonomy. The management modeling of a tropical wetland consists of the formulation of a multiple criteria matrix of wetland management strategic plan (WMSP) for 18 Latin countries based an integral wetland management model index (WMMI‐integral) associated with Bloom's Taxonomy. The WMMI‐integral is categorized into five levels that include knowledge, comprehension, application, evaluation, and creation, which are influenced by the implementation in the Latin‐countries of targets linked to the goals of SP4. The results are fitting a multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between WMMI‐Integral and five parameters. The proposed wetland management model constitutes a tool to contribute a decision for assessing sustainability by coupling an approach that considers wetland management components and attributes for wetland inventory, diagnosis, assessment, creation.

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