Skeletal malocclusions are common phenotypes in humans and have a strong influence on genetic factors. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) controls numerous functions of the human body, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating whether genetic polymorphisms in TGFB1 and its receptor TGFBR2 are associated with mandibular retrognathism in German children and adolescents. Children and teenagers older than 8 years in the mixed or permanent dentition were included in this study. Patients with syndromes and facial trauma and patients with congenital alterations were excluded. Digital cephalometric tracings were performed using the anatomical landmarks point A, point B, sella (S), and nasion (N). Patients that have a retrognathic mandible ( SNB < 78 °) were selected as case group, and the patients with an orthognathic mandible ( SNB = 78 °– 82°) were selected as the control group. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from saliva was used to evaluate four genetic polymorphisms in TGFB1 (rs1800469 and rs4803455) and TGBR2 (rs3087465 and rs764522) using real-time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to compare gender, genotype, and allele distribution among groups. Genotype distribution was calculated in an additive and recessive model. Haplotype analysis was also performed. The established alpha of this study was 5%. A total of 146 patients (age ranging from 8 to 18 years) were included in this epidemiological genetic study. The genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism. Carrying the AA genotype in the rs3087465 polymorphism decreased the chance of having mandibular retrognathism ( odds ratio = 0.25 , confidence interval 95 % = 0.06 to 0.94, p = 0.045 ). None of the haplotypes was associated with mandibular retrognathism ( p > 0.05 ). In conclusion, we found that the genetic polymorphism rs3087465 in the promoter region of the TGFBR2 was associated with mandibular retrognathism in Germans.
ZusammenfassungAktuelle Daten deuten auf eine Abnahme der Prävalenz der Parodontitis hin. Dennoch ist durch den demografischen Wandel mit einer Zunahme des parodontalen Behandlungsbedarfes in der Bevölkerung zu rechnen. Die kieferorthopädische Behandlung bei Erwachsenen wird somit immer häufiger vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt werden. Hierbei ist die korrekte Diagnose, Risikobewertung sowie eine auf die parodontalen Verhältnisse angepasste Therapieplanung maßgeblich für den Erfolg der Behandlung. Neben Kenntnissen der biomechanisch relevanten Veränderungen im parodontal kompromittierten Gebiss, ist eine intensive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kieferorthopäden und Parodontologen essenziell. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die interdisziplinären Schnittpunkte sowie über die kieferorthopädisch relevanten Folgen einer Parodontitis, die im Zuge der Therapieplanung und -durchführung beachtet werden müssen. Ferner werden ein interdisziplinärer Behandlungspfad sowie verschiedene kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen vorgestellt, die im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Parodontitistherapie zur Wiederherstellung eines stabilen parodontalen Zustandes beitragen können.
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