L. belongs to the family and is frequently used in traditional medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the antiproliferative effects of various extracts of different species, but studies involving the cytotoxic effect of extract are very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of dimethyl sulfoxide extract of (DEM) and to investigate, for the first time, the probable cytotoxic effect in human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells together with the mechanism involved. Total polyphenolic contents (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and phenolic compounds of DEM were evaluated using spectrophotometric procedures and HPLC. The cytotoxic effect of DEM on PC-3 cells was revealed using the MTT assay. Mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effect of DEM on PC-3 cells were then investigated in terms of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle using flow cytometry, while caspase activity was investigated using luminometric analysis. TPC and FRAP values were 20.7 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalents and 48.8 ± 1.6 mg trolox equivalents per g sample, respectively. Ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid were the major phenolic compounds detected at HPLC analysis. DEM arrested the cell cycle of PC-3 cells at the G phase, induced apoptosis via increased caspase activity and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that may be a novel candidate for the development of new natural product based therapeutic agents against prostate cancer.

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The study aims to investigate the effect of nutrition knowledge levels of Gümüşhane Türk Telekom Science High School students on their nutritional and exercising habits. Student volunteers from the above-mentioned school were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to measure overall characteristics, body weights and lengths, nutritional information levels, nutritional and exercise behaviors of them. Of the students, 38.6% was male and 61.4% was female. Overweight and obesity rates were 8.6% and 9.7% in males, and 11.5% and 8.8% in females. Of them, approximately 45% was living in the dormitory and more than half was living with their parents. The majority of mothers (49.4%) was primary-secondary school graduate, while the majority of fathers (45.2%) was college graduate. A positive relationship was found between nutritional knowledge of the students and educational levels of their mothers. In terms of nutritional knowledge, 69.3% of the students had good, 26.1% had adequate, and 4.6% had inadequate level. Meal scheme behavior score, consumption of milk and dairy products daily, consumption of meat and derivatives at least 3 days per week were significantly higher in those with good and adequate nutritional knowledge (p<0.05). Healthy diet and exercise behavior score and meal scheme was better in males (p<0.05). Students' psychological eating behavior scores were found to decrease and tendency to be physically active was found to increase as their nutritional knowledge level increases. In conclusion, nutritional knowledge level, housing status and parental education levels of the students affect their nutritional behavior and exercise tendencies.

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