Sugarcane bagasse (SB) before and after alkaline treatment has been investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the adsorption was chemical in nature and the OH, C=O, and C-O groups were particularly responsible for MB dye adsorption. The optimum concentration of MB solution was fixed at 0.1 gr/50 mL in both treated and untreated SB. Batch adsorption studies are used to derive the optimum adsorption conditions. A contact time of 90 min, a pH range from 5 to 9, a dose of 0.1 g, and an initial concentration of the MB of 100 ppm were chosen. The amount of adsorbed MB dye on the surface of the SB was temperature dependent, and the adsorption increases with increasing temperature. The values of ΔH , ΔG , and ΔS indicated endothermic but spontaneous process. The overall results indicated that SB was a promising candidate for dye removals.