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The subject of this essay is the role Rabbi Menachem Froman played as a mediator in crises between Israelis and Palestinians against the background of his interreligious vision of peace and attempts to implement it. Rabbi Froman was very active in this matter and initiated various schemes to promote reconciliation between the Israelis and Palestinians, both in his discussions with religious leaders of the two peoples as well as with politicians in Israel and around the world. The network of contacts and the open discourse that the rabbi developed in order to promote his vision enabled him to serve as a mediator during numerous crises that arose in the Middle East, in general, and Israel in particular. This essay sheds light on Rabbi Froman’s attempts at mediation throughout the years, including the outline of a solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict he crafted with the other side. This essay is primarily based on archival materials and newspaper articles about the rabbi that were revealed after his death in 2013. The essay also chronologizes Rabbi Froman’s attempts to serve as mediator for the Israeli and Palestinian leadership and the “jihad for peace” he advocated.

This article deals with the rulings of Sheikh Rāʾid Badīr, who served as a mediator between the Israeli government and the Muslim community over the course of the pandemic. As a senior leader and scholar of the southern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel, Sheikh Rāʾid Badīr’s fatwās have historically addressed the unique circumstances and situational difficulties faced by Muslims living in Israel.

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This article deals with legal opinions (fatwās) for Muslims living in Israel as a minority under non-Muslim rule. A well-developed legal doctrine known as fiqh al-aqalliyyāt al-muslima (jurisprudence concerning Muslim minorities) applies to Muslim minorities living in the West. The innovators of fiqh al-aqalliyyāt, Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī and Ṭaha Jābir al-ʿAlwānī, did not issue legal opinions for the Muslim minority living in Israel, which, because of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, is classified as The Abode of War (dār al-ḥarb). In this article, I examine developments in Islamic jurisprudence for the Muslim minority living in Israel, with a focus on the legal opinions of Sheikh Rāʾid Badīr, the senior religious authority of the southern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel and the pioneer in issuing fatwās for the Muslim minority in Israel.