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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that appears simultaneously with age. AD is caused by oxidative stress, which generates the oxidation of biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The present study aimed to evaluate protein and lipid protection against damage caused by the free radical and anticholinesterase properties of Scoparia dulcis, which are relevant to AD therapy. Furthermore, phytochemical profiling of S. dulcis extract was also observed. Quantitative phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents) analysis of methanol, butanol, and ethyl acetate fraction substances in S. dulcis was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. Butanolic extracts showed maximum amounts of phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. The butanolic extract also showed the highest acetylcholinesterase potential inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging, with IC50 values of 93.24 and 22.8 μg/mL, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the butanol fraction exhibited strong FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation inhibition. The best free-radical-induced protein oxidation inhibitory activity was observed in methanol samples. In conclusion, this study suggests that S. dulcis is a potential agent for drug development against AD. HIGHLIGHTS Butanolic Scoparia dulcis extract exhibited maximum amounts of phenolic, flavonoid, and tannins Butanolic fraction of dulcis extracts was the most active AChEI activity and DPPH radical scavenging Scoparia dulcis showed strong free-radical-induced lipid and protein damage inhibition Butanolic Scoparia dulcis warrant further investigation for Alzheimer's disease treatment GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronic skin disease defined by flare-ups periods. This disorder affects health and quality of life of patients. The follow-up of AD and the prevention of relapses have a great impact on health care, society costs but also on patient's expenditures. The aim of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of different emollients prescribed in AD patients. Methods: A Markov simulation model was developed over a 5-year period including data from different sources: (i) randomized clinical trials and literature review for the efficacy of treatments, (ii) resource utilisation and quality of life data, and (iii) unit prices from official prices lists. Three perspectives were considered: NHS/PSS, society which adds productivity losses and patient which includes out-of-pocket expenditures. 4 different emollients were compared (A, B, C, D) with no emollient users. Patients were treated with topical corticosteroid during flare-ups periods. Two outcomes were used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness: QALY and time without flare-ups. Sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: The 5-year costs associated with the different emollients amounts to ₤1,329 and generates 3.55 QALY for emollient A. Patients spend in average 3.89 years without flare-ups periods. Compared to emollient B, emollient A is costlier (D₤42) but more effective (0.08 years, corresponding to a 30-day difference without flare-ups between A and B, or 0.009 QALY). The ICER is ₤515 per year without flare-ups periods and ₤4,672 per QALY. Emollient A is the dominant strategy compared to no treatment (184 more days without flare-ups and ₤268.85 cheaper), emollient B or C. Conclusions: According to the analysis, treatment with preventive emollient was a cost-effective option compared with no treatment in adult AD patients. In this comparative study, emollient A is the most efficient strategy from a willingness to pay of ₤500 with a probability of 47%.