The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment, involving the extraction of four premolars, on vermilion height and lip area. Twenty-eight female patients (mean 21.9 ± 3.1 years) who were diagnosed with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for this study to be treated by extraction of four premolars. The control group consisted of 28 female volunteers (mean 25.0 ± 3.0 years) with Angle Class I normal occlusion. Frontal photographs of the patients were taken both before and after the orthodontic treatment in resting position. Thirty-five landmarks on the upper and lower lips were identified for the measurements of vermilion height and lip area. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after active orthodontic treatment, and linear and angular measurements were performed. The mean pre-treatment values of vermilion height and lip area were significantly greater in the treatment group than those of the control group and decreased significantly after the orthodontic treatment towards the values in the control group. There were no significant differences in the vermilion height and lip area between the post-treatment and the control groups, except for lower lip area values. Significant correlations found between the changes in incisor position and the changes in vermilion height were few in number for the upper lip but greater in number for the lower lip. Thus, the results of this study show that bimaxillary protrusion cases can be treated by the extraction of four premolars to produce an aesthetic improvement in frontal facial features.

Background: The objectives of orthodontic treatment are not only to obtain functional occlusion but also to improve facial and dental aesthetics. Three aspects of smile aesthetics have recently received great attention: the amount of gingival display, the presence of the smile arc, and buccal corridor spaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluation that the amount of buccal corridor on smile esthetics of dentists and dental students. Method: The population and subjects this study were dentists and dental students of dental school from Faculty of Dentistry University Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dentists and dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors. Result: There was no significant different in judging the effect of buccal corridors on the smile attractiveness between dentists and dental students. Conclusion: Both the dentists and dental students preferred medium sizes of buccal corridor (buccal corridor 15%).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four premolar extractions and orthodontic treatment on changes to the lips and vermilion height during a posed smile. Methods: Fifteen female patients who were diagnosed with bimaxillary protrusion and treated with four premolar extractions were selected. The control group consisted of 25 female volunteers with a normal occlusion. Frontal photographs of the patients during a posed smile were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five landmarks on the upper and lower lips were identified and used to generate measurements of lip area and vermilion height. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were also obtained. Results: The mean values for vermilion height and lip form before orthodontic treatment were significantly larger in the treatment group compared with those of the control group. Following treatment, values significantly decreased to the extent that there was no significant difference in the vermilion height and lip form between the post-treatment and control groups. Only three and four significant correlations were found between the changes in incisor position and changes in vermilion height and lip area for the upper and lower lips, respectively. Conclusions: The vermilion height and lip area in patients with bimaxillary protrusion approached comparative and normal values as a result of four premolar extractions and orthodontic retraction.