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INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. There are several risk factors for CVD, many of which are preventable, including sedentary lifestyles and poor diet. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and sociodemographic variables such as age, sex and social class on the values of different cardiovascular risk scales. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study in 1584 Spanish workers in which the influence of different sociodemographic variables (age, sex, social class) and healthy habits (tobacco consumption, physical activity assessed with the IPAQ questionnaire, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet) on the values of different cardiovascular risk (CVR) scales (REGICOR, SCORE, DORICA, ERICE, heart age, and vascular age) was assessed. RESULTS: All the CVR scales showed better mean values as the level of physical activity increased, something similar occurring with the prevalence of altered values, in both sexes. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet also improved the mean values and prevalence of altered values in men and women. CONCLUSION: The Mediterranean diet and physical exercise decrease the probability of suffering a cardiovascular event and improve all the CVR scales analyzed in this study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is considered a worldwide public health problem due to its high prevalence and the important complications it causes.Objectives: To assess the influence of healthy habits, especially physical activity and diet, on the risk of type 2 diabetes.Material and methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study in 1457 Spanish workers in which the influence of different sociodemographicvariables and lifestyle habits such as tobacco consumption, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterraneandiet in relation to the risk of presenting type 2 diabetes assessed with the Finrisk and Leicester scales was evaluated.Results: The prevalence of moderate and high values of the Finrisk and Leicester scales decreased as the level of physical activityassessed with the IPAQ questionnaire increased and as adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased. In the multivariateanalysis by binary logistic regression, high age, male sex, less favoured social class, low level of physical activity and low adherenceto the Mediterranean diet influence the increase in the prevalence of high diabetes risk values, while tobacco consumptionshows a protective effect.Conclusion: Physical exercise and the Mediterranean diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of presenting type 2 diabetes withFinrisk and Leicester scales.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; physical activity; Mediterranean diet; social class.

Insulin resistance is a pathological entity that can lead to alterations in lipid metabolism and can increase cardiovascular risk. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different sociodemographic variables such as age, sex and social class and healthy habits such as smoking, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the cardiometabolic profile of Spanish workers. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 1457 Spanish workers in an attempt to evaluate the effect of healthy habits (physical exercise determined with the IPAQ questionnaire, Mediterranean diet and tobacco consumption) and sociodemographic variables (age, sex and social class) on the values of different insulin resistance scales. Results. The progressive increase in the level of physical activity and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet achieved an improvement in the mean values and in the prevalence of elevated values in all the insulin resistance scales analyzed in this study. Age over 50 years and belonging to the least favored social classes (social classes II-III) were the variables that increased the risk of presenting insulin resistance. Male sex also increased the risk of presenting insulin resistance. Conclusions. The different healthy habits such as vigorous physical exercise and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet improve the values of the different scales that assess insulin resistance.