Children with chronic conditions, particularly epilepsy and obesity, are at increased risk for maladjustment. A routine assessment of QoL and psychological functioning should be performed in these children to better understand how specific conditions affect the lives of children with chronic conditions and their families. Family-oriented pediatrics should be considered, particularly in the treatment of obesity.

Objective. Mindful parenting has been described as a set of parental practices or skills that seek to enhance moment-to-moment awareness in the parent-child relationship. Although it has been suggested that adopting a mindful approach in parenting may foster positive parent-child relationships and promote the psychological functioning of children and parents, little is known about the factors that may be associated with this parental skill. In this study, we aimed to examine whether attachment-related anxiety and avoidance were associated with mindful parenting through self-compassion.Design and methods. The sample included 290 mothers of school-aged children and adolescents recruited in school settings, who completed self-reported measures of adult attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships -Relationships Structures), selfcompassion (Self-compassion Scale), and mindful parenting (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale).Results. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed mediation model and to ascertain direct and indirect effects among study variables. Whereas attachment avoidance had a direct effect on mindful parenting, attachment anxiety was indirectly associated with mindful parenting through self-compassion. Specifically, higher levels of anxiety were associated with lower self-compassion, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of mindful parenting. Higher levels of avoidance were directly associated with lower levels of mindful parenting.Conclusions. These results demonstrate that mothers' attachment dimensions play an important role in their levels of mindful parenting, although through different pathways. Interventions aimed at promoting mindful parenting skills should attempt to promote parents' self-compassion and consider parents' levels of attachment insecurity. Practitioner pointsThe results underline the important role of mothers' attachment on levels of mindful parenting and evidence different pathways through which attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are associated with this parental skill.

The stress parents feel in their parenting roles and the ways they relate to themselves in difficult or distressing situations, such as with self-compassion, are influenced by their attachment orientations and may account for the well-known association between the quality of parents' attachment to their own parents and their children's developmental outcomes. We explored the association between self-compassion and parenting stress and their mediating role in the link between mothers' attachment orientations and children's quality of life (QoL). A total of 171 family dyads composed of a child/adolescent aged 8-18 years and the child's mother participated in the study. Mothers completed self-report measures of attachment toward their own mother (ECR-RS), self-compassion (SELFCS), and parenting stress (PSI). The children completed a measure of QoL (KIDSCREEN-10). The current study showed that mothers' attachment to their own mother was indirectly associated with their child's QoL through self-compassion and parenting stress. Specifically, higher levels of attachment-related anxiety and avoidance among mothers toward their own mother were associated with worse children's QoL through lower levels of mothers' self-compassion and higher levels of parenting stress. These results reveal an important pathway linking mothers' attachment to their child's QoL and underline the importance of designing parenting programs aimed at reducing parenting stress that simultaneously help parents to become more compassionate toward themselves.

Routine assessment of paediatric HrQoL and psychological problems in healthcare and research contexts should include self- and parent-reported data as complementary sources of information, and also consider the family context. The additional cost of conducting a more in-depth assessment of paediatric adaptation outcomes can be offset through more efficient allocation of health resources.

In this study we investigated the links between caregiver burden, family environment, and quality of life in 97 pairs of children with asthma and the one who was determined to be the primary family caregiver. Using structural equation modeling, withinparticipant analyses showed that family environment was positively linked to quality of life for both children and parents. Across-participant analyses demonstrated that parents' positive perceptions of family environment were associated with parents' and children's improved quality of life. In addition, parents' perceptions of family environment mediated the link between caregiver burden and parents' and children's quality of life. Implications for intervention with families are discussed in light of this study's important results.