Physical literacy (PL) is thought to facilitate engagement in physical activity, which could lead to better physical fitness (PF). The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the Croatian version of two frequently applied PL questionnaires that evaluate knowledge and understanding, perceived competence, environment, and value for literacy, numeracy, and PL and validity regarding correlation with objectively evaluated PF in adolescents. Five hundred forty-four high school students (403 females, 141 males) from Croatia were tested on PF (standing long jump, sit-ups for 30 s, sit-and-reach test, multilevel endurance test) and two PL questionnaires. The reliability of the Croatian version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy knowledge and understanding (CAPL-2-KU) and PLAYself was good (α = 0.71–0.81 for PLAYself subscales, κ = 0.39–0.69 for CAPL-2-KU). Genders differed in the self-description dimension of PLAYself, with higher results in boys (Z = 3.72, p < 0.001). CAPL-2-KU and PLAYself total score were associated with PF in boys and girls, with PLAYself having stronger associations with PF. This research supports the idea of PL as an essential determinant for the development of PF, highlighting the necessity of the development of cognitive and affective domains of PL in physical education throughout a specifically tailored pedagogical process.

didaktike te neurodidaktike s pravcima i pokretima reformne pedagogije. Analizom je pokazano da su neka od zajedničkih obilježja konstruktivističke didaktike i neurodidaktike vidljiva u nastavnim strategijama kao što su: učenje istraživanjem, učenje rješavanjem problema, suradničko učenje, djelovanju usmjereno učenje, učenje igrom i projektno učenje. Drugim riječima, u okviru onoga što se naziva nastavom usmjerenom na učenika. Ta obilježja nisu (u potpunosti) noviteti proizašli iz tih koncepata. Ukazuje se da su ta didaktička obilježja formirana još prije više od stoljeća u pravcima i pokretima reformne pedagogije. Opravdano je nuditi zaključak da ono što je označeno kao konstruktivistička nastava već postoji oblikovano u reformnoj pedagogiji. Ali, isto je tako opravdano zaključiti da neuroznanstvena istraživanja, osim što nude nove spoznaje o procesima učenja, potvrđuju i didaktičke vrijednosti pravaca i pokreta reformne pedagogije s prijelaza 19. u 20. stoljeće. S obzirom na međusobnu kompatibilnost analiziranih koncepata, poželjno je težiti njihovoj daljnjoj kritičkoj i argumentiranoj sinergiji, a radi unapređenja nastave.

Theoretically, health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) should be associated with overall education, but little is known about their association with scholastic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether scholastic variables relate to HL and PL among high-school adolescents. We observed 268 high school students (202 females, 66 males) who were assessed on HL using the HLS-EU47 questionnaire and PL by PLAYself questionnaire. Scholastic variables included grade point average and excused and unexcused number of absences from school. Gender-stratified correlations, cluster analysis, and discriminant canonical analysis were calculated to establish the associations between study variables. The correlations between HL and scholastic variables were generally poor, while statistically significant correlations between grade point average and HL were noted only among girls (R=0.16, p<0.05). Cluster and discriminant analyses confirmed higher HL and PL among girls who were better at school. While associations between HL and PL with scholastic achievement were generally poor, our results point to the necessity of further investigation of a problem. Hence, specific types of knowledge should be explored as possible correlates of HL and PL in adolescence.

In line with the current situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a need to organize classes in virtual classrooms, which are becoming a place of educational strategy. Teachers need to reconceptualize the fundamental issues of teaching, learning and assessment in non-traditional, virtual classrooms, and are faced with many problems of conducting and organizing the teaching process. The problem of evaluation is especially pronounced, partly due to doubts about the integrity of students, but also due to the actual evaluation process in the online environment. The aim of this research is to examine the incidence in Math classes in the virtual classroom – during exams, while doing homework and project work, with regard to the age and gender of students. The research showed a statistically significant difference on the scale of cheating in exams in Math organized online of female students in comparison to male students, establishing that female students cheat to a greater extent in online organized exams than male students. It was shown that there is no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of cheating of lower secondary school students in online organized exams compared to higher grade students.

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