ÖzÜlkelerin makroekonomik göstergelerini iç ve dıĢ konjonktürdeki geliĢmelerden olumsuz yönde etkileyen ve ülke ekonomilerinde risk ve belirsizliği artırarak istikrarsızlığa yol açan sorunlar Ģeklinde tanımlanan kırılganlık kavramı, son dönemlerde dünya ekonomisinde yaĢanan istikrarsızlıklar ve krizler nedeniyle ön plana çıkmaya baĢlamıĢtır. Bu çalıĢmada 2007-2017 dönemi için Türkiye ve Balkan ülkelerinin makroekonomik kırılganlığı karĢılaĢtırmalı olarak analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çerçeveden hareketle makroekonomik kırılganlıkla ilgili literatür incelenmesi yapılmıĢ, Türkiye ve Balkan ülkelerinin çeĢitli temel ekonomik göstergeler üzerinden performansları analiz edilmiĢtir. Analizde makroekonomik kırılganlığı ölçmek için mali kırılganlık (bütçe dengesi/GSYH, kamu borcu/GSYH), finansal kırılganlık (özel sektöre yurtiçi kredilerin GSYH oranı, yıllık kredi büyüme oranları) ve dıĢ kırılganlık (cari denge/GSYH, döviz rezervi/GSYH) olmak üzere altı temel değiĢkenden faydalanılmıĢtır. Yapılan karĢılaĢtırmada, Türkiye ekonomisinde kırılganlığa yol açan unsurların cari denge/GSYH, yıllık kredi büyüme oranı ve döviz rezervi/GSYH olduğu tespit edilirken, Bulgaristan döviz rezervi/GSYH, bütçe dengesi/GSYH ve kamu borcu/GSYH'de, Kosova bütçe dengesi/GSYH, yurtiçi kredi büyümesinde kırılganlığı en az olan ülkeler olmuĢtur. Yunanistan cari denge/GSYH, döviz rezervi/GSYH, bütçe dengesi/GSYH, kamu borcu/GSYH ve yurtiçi kredi büyümesindeki kırılganlıkları ile incelenen ülkeler içerisinde en kırılgan ülke konumundadır.
In this study, it is aimed to estimate the volume of foreign trade between 27 countries, which make up about three quarters of Turkey's foreign trade with using gravity model. Trade volume has been considered as dependent variable in the estimation models where the countries' GDP, population amounts and the distance between the countries are handled between 1993-2016 with panel regression analysis. The aim of this study is to determine whether GSHY and distance have influence in Turkey's foreign trade with its 27 foreign trade partners. For this purpose, the Gravity Model was estimated by the panel regression method and while the effect of the GDP on foreign trade was found, a significant effect of the distance could not be determined. It was determined that the results obtained from the estimation were consistent with the coefficients of the GDP variable and were significant. On the other hand, although the distance variable was not statistically significant, it was determined that the coefficient of estimation was appropriate for the theory. It is concluded that the most suitable model in the two different estimations is the fixed effects panel estimation, and that the population variable and the artificial dummy variables do not have too many determinants in the estimates.
In this study, foreign trade of Sivas, one of the important cities of Central Anatolia, was analyzed by considering 2006-2016 period. According to the results of the analysis, while Sivas is in the fourth place in the Central Anatolia region with 48 products and 76 countries that it exports, it is in the 61st place with regard to exports throughout the country.
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