Approximately 25% of the patients have an ectopic location of the parathyroid gland. In some cases, hyperfunctional parathyroid glands may extend into the mediastinum that requires mediastinal surgical exploration. A 66 years old woman presented with fatigue and raised serum calcium and parathormone levels. Thorax computed tomography revealed a mediastinal mass and an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) which is the most common vascular anomaly of the aortic arch was demonstrated.The mediastinal mass was evaluated in favor of parathyroid adenoma by parathyroid scintigraphy.Videothoracoscopic resection of the adenoma was performed safely.