Personalized learning tailors material and strategy to student requirements, interests, and goals in e-learning. These developments help educational institutions and other organizations to keep up with the fast pace of information technology, communications, and computing power. Studies show that self-adaptive learning and relevant learning information improve study efficiency.Compared to traditional teaching methods, the practice of online education is well in its infancy. On the other hand, the pedagogy and evaluation of students in online courses have a large gap that has to be filled, necessitating significant improvements in e-learning. We call this approach to education "personalized learning," which is a central focus of today's leading online education platforms. Several studies have been conducted on e-learning and personalized learning, but few investigated the development trend of personalized learning technologies and applications. Therefore this study examines the literature to close the gap and promote the development trend for personalized learning technologies and applications in higher education from 2010 to 2021 by analyzing related journal articles. The pivotal studies used inclusion criteria after a searchgenerated 372 complete research articles and reduced them to 146 publications based on their proposed learning domains and research themes. Through carefully reviewing current trends and successes in numerous aspects of personalized learning, this discussion analyzes prospective future research directions in the field of personalized learning.

Leadership attributes are a fundamental aspect of organizational success. It is argued here that children’s academic performance is linked to the individual leadership characteristics of school principals.  School principals promote and enhance positive attitudes toward school, increasing student engagement, and ultimately improving academic performance. This paper sought to examine the contribution of individual leadership attributes to children’s academic performance. Eleven individual leadership attributes: dependability, straight forwardness, fair-mindedness, inspirational, forward thinking, competence, honesty, creativity, supportiveness, intelligence and broad mindedness, are considered. This study adopted the Trait and Skills theories of leadership attributed to Thomas Carlyle and Mumford et al. A mixed methods research approach was employed.

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