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Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials arise in the study of the polynomial solutions of the generalized Lamé differential equation. Our object is to generalize a theorem due to Marden on the location of the zeros of Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials. In fact, our generalization is two-fold: Firstly, we employ sets which are more general than the ones used by Marden for prescribing the location of the complex constants occurring in the Lamé differential equation; secondly, Marden deals only with the standard form of the said differential equation, whereas our result is equally valid for yet another form of the same differential equation. The part of our main theorem concerning Stieltjes polynomials may also be regarded as a generalization of Lucas' theorem to systems of partial fraction sums.

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Abstract.Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials arise in the study of the polynomial solutions of the generalized Lamé differential equation. The problem of determining the location of the zeros of such polynomials has been studied under quite general conditions by Marden. He has obtained

ABSTRACT. In this paper we generalize, to vector spaces over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero, two well-known classical results due to Laguerre and Grace, concerning, respectively, the relative location of the zeros of a complex-valued polynomial and its polar-derivative and the relative location of the zeros of two apolar polynomials. Vector space analogues of their results were generalized, to a certain degree, by Hörmander, Marden, and Zervos. Our results in this paper further generalize their results and, in the complex plane, improve upon those of Laguerre and Grace. Besides, the present treatment unifies their completely independent approaches into an improved and more systematic and abstract theory. We have also shown that our results are best possible in the sense that they cannot be further generalized in certain directions.