ObjectiveThis retrospective cohort study is aimed to assess reasons and predictors of regimen change from initial highly active antiretroviral therapy among 1533 Human Immunodeficiency virus-infected adult patients at the Jimma University Tertiary Hospital.ResultsOne in two (47.7%) adults changed their antiretroviral therapy regimen. Patients who were above the primary level of education [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.241 (95% CI 1.070–1.440)] and with human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis co-infection [HR 1.405 (95% CI 1.156–1.708)] had the higher risk of regimen change than their comparator. Individuals on Efavirenz [HR 0.675 (95% CI 0.553–0.825)] and non-stavudine [HR 0.494 (95% CI 0.406–0.601)] based regimens had lower risk of regimen change.

Purposes:We aimed to assess the effects of nutritional status on occurrences of opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients using antiretroviral therapy at Jimma University Specialized Hospital.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study on 340 adults who were taking antiretroviral therapy and the patients were followed for 2 years after they commence treatment. Medical Chart review was done from January 30 to February 28, 2014. SPSS for windows version 21 was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed by SPSS for windows version 21.Time to occurrence of opportunistic infection was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox-proportional Hazard model was used to identify predictors of opportunistic infections.Results:Eighty three [24.4%] patients developed opportunistic infection after initiation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Fifty five [66.3%] patients were from malnourished group. Malnutrition, Stavudine based regimen, Zidovudine based regimen and taking isoniazid prophylaxis were associated with greater hazard of developing opportunistic infections.Conclusions:Malnutrition was significant predictor of opportunistic infections. Malnourished patients were associated with high risk and early development of opportunistic infections.

Despite the number of patients enrolled in ART is increased, HIV/AIDS continues to constitute a significant proportion of medical admissions and risk of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. As one of these countries, the case in Ethiopia is not different. The aim of this study was thus to assess reasons for hospitalization, discharge outcomes, and predictors of inpatient mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Prospective observational study was conducted in medical wards of JUSH from February 17th to August 17th, 2017. In this study, 101 PLWH admitted during the study period were included. To identify the predictors of mortality, multiple logistic regression analysis was employed. Of the 101 hospitalized PLWH, 62 (61.4%) of them were females and most of them (52.5%) were between 25 and 34 years of age. A majority (79.2%) of the study participants were known HIV patients, before their admission. Tuberculosis (24.8%), infections of the nervous system (18.8%), and pneumonia (9.9%) comprised more than half of the reasons for hospitalization. Moreover, drug-related toxicity was a reason for hospitalization of 6 (5.9%) patients. Outcomes of hospitalization indicated that the overall inpatient mortality was 18 (17.8%). The median CD4 cell counts for survivors and deceased patients were 202 cells/μL (IQR, 121–295 cells/μL) and 70 cells/μL (IQR, 42–100 cells/μL), respectively. Neurologic complications (AOR = 13.97; 95% CI: 2.32–84.17, P=0.004), CD4 count ≤ 100 cells/μl (AOR = 16.40; 95% CI: 2.88–93.42, P=0.002), and short hospital stay (AOR = 12.98, 95% CI: 2.13–78.97, P=0.005) were found to be significant predictors of inpatient mortality. In conclusion, opportunistic infections are the main reason of hospitalization in PLWH.

Background: -Highly active antiretroviral therapies are the drugs of HIV/AIDS treatment with no cure. Even though they inhibit viral replication, they may cause a number of adverse effects; which may end with treatment failure and/or regimen changes. Objective: -The study was aimed to determine the reasons for HAART regimen change among HIV/AIDS Patients on first line HAART during 12 months follow up in Fitche Hospital, ART Clinic. Methodology: -Hospital based retrospective study was conducted at Fitche Hospital, ART Clinic from January 28 to February 12, 2013 by reviewing patients' information sheets and physician diagnostic cards. The data was categorized and analyzed manually using calculator for statistical analysis. The results has been interpreted and presented by tables and graphs. Results: -Majority of the patients 29(42.65%) were on D4T/3TC/NVP at the beginning of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment. The main reason for regimen change was toxicity 56(72.73%) followed by, treatment failure 11 (14.23%), new drug available 7(9.09%), co morbidity 2(2.60%), and 1(1.30%) patient refused to took the drug. From all the toxicities reported, lipoatrophy, which accounted for 73.47% of the toxicities, was the most common. Conclusion: -Results shows that majority of patients were initiated D4T/3TC/NVP compared to other regimens. Toxicity appears as the main reason for treatment and regimen change in this study. The other reasons include; treatment failure, new drug available, co morbidity and patient refused to took the drug respectively.