<p>Rice for the Poor (Rastra) and Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) Programs are among the policy instruments for poverty alleviation. Rastra, formerly a subsidy policy, was partly transformed into assistance design through BPNT Program since 2017. This study aims to assess effectiveness of Rastra and BPNT in terms of 6R aspects, i.e. Right Target, Right Amount, Right Price, Right Time, Right Quality, and Right Administration. Primary data were collected from sample cities implementing these programs. This study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It is necessary to improve target beneficiaries, assistance receiving time, rice quality, and e-warong readiness. As instruments of poverty alleviation, Rastra and BPNT were implemented in an integrated manner based on the surplus and deficit areas. Subsidy design (Rastra) transformation into non-cash food assistance (BPNT) should be implemented gradually. Bulog needs to improve farmers’ rice purchase and to increase government’s rice reserve.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Program Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) dan Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan penting dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat miskin berpenghasilan rendah. Sesuai arahan Presiden RI tentang bantuan sosial dan keuangan inklusif, maka sejak tahun 2017 Rastra yang merupakan kebijakan subsidi sebagian ditransformasi menjadi pola bantuan melalui Program BPNT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT (aspek 6T: Tepat Sasaran, Tepat Jumlah, Tepat Harga, Tepat Waktu, Tepat Kualitas, dan Tepat Administrasi) dan merumuskan saran kebijakan perbaikan pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT. Cakupan kajian dan data yang digunakan adalah pada tingkat nasional dengan keterwakilan dari masing-masing kota pelaksana program. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT dipandang perlu dilakukan perbaikan dari sisi sasaran penerima, waktu penerimaan bantuan, kualitas beras, dan kesiapan e-warong di semua wilayah. Sebagai instrumen penanggulangan kemiskinan, Rastra dan BPNT dilaksanakan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan wilayah surplus dan deficit. Proses transformasi pola subsidi (Rastra) menjadi pola bantuan pangan (BPNT) juga harus dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai kesiapan infrastrukturnya. Selain itu mengingat kebijakan Rastra dan BPNT sangat terkait dengan peran dan kapasitas Bulog dalam melakukan serapan gabah-beras dari petani dan menjaga stabilisasi harga beras, maka pemerintah perlu meningkatkan Cadangan Beras Pemerintah.</p>
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