The objective of the present study is to evaluate the proteinaceous digestibility of crude flours and derived protein rich product of three varieties of Mucuna pruriens of the male albino rats in growth. 48 rats have been taken randomly split up into 8 groups where 6 each according to their formulated feedings; those foods are: foods without protein (RSP), foods with casein (RC), food with the black macuna derived protein rich product (RMNc), food with the scratch macuna derived protein rich product (RMRc), food with the white macuna derived protein rich product (RMBc), food with the black macuna crude flours (RMNf), food with the scratch macuna crude flours (RMRf) et food with the white macuna crude flours (RMBf). All those foods content the same quantity of azote excepted foods without protein. Rats have been isolated in the semi metabolic cages which allow gathering the remaining of the foods supplied and the faeces to determine the parameter values of consumption. The experiment has taken 28 days. The apparent and reel protein digestibilities obtained in each food are respectively : RC (76,63±0,36% ; 95,86±0,06%), RMNc (71,20±0,77% ; 91,60±0,99%), RMRc (73,68±0,23% ; 93,49±0,85%), RMBc (71,16±0,59% ; 92,03±0,70%), RMNf (33,25±1,91% ; 53,881±1,70%), RMRf (31,3±2,40% ; 52,12±2,22%) and RMBf (31,12±4,00% ; 51,92±3,8%). The results show that derived protein rich product have ameliorated the protein digestibility and could be the alternative for the use of seeds of Mucuna pruriens to feed human beings and animals.

Background: Fruits of Dichrostachys glomerata have in the last ten years benefited from special attention as a lipid-lowering plant. Recent studies show that biological activities of some plants depend on granulometry of their powder particles. Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess antihyperlipidemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-lipase properties of powder fractions of the fruits of Dichrostachys glomerata. Materials and Methods: The groups of rats on which the antihyperlipidemic test was done were fed with High Fat Diet and supplemented with powder fractions: ≥180μm, 212–180μm, 315–212μm, ≥315 μm and unsieved powder of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits at dose of 250 mg/kg for four weeks. For the hypolipidemic test, the diet was changed to normal diet and the powder fraction: 212 – 180μm, was given to rats for four weeks. Lipase inhibitory activity was determined using olive oil as substrate. Results: The antihyperlipidemic test showed that powder fractions reduced levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides, groups taken powder fractions 212 –180µm and <180µm, presented the lowest values. HDL-Cholesterol levels increased, significant increases were observed in groups fed with powder fractions 315–212µm, 212–180µm, <180µm and unsieved powder. Concerning hypolipidemic test, powder fraction 212–180 µm decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides. 86.43% of the activity of pancreatic lipase was reduced to a concentration of 25mg/ml with an IC50 of 5mg/ml. Conclusion: Antihyperlipidemic properties of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits depended on powder fractions. Fraction 180-212μm exhibits hypolipidemic effects. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase is one of the mechanisms which could explain lipid- lowering properties of Dichrostachys glomerata fruits.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Many bioactive compounds extracted from plants, particularly polyphenols, have demonstrated a beneficial effect on health. Obtaining these molecules requires extraction, conventional extraction techniques uses solvents whose residue affects these compounds, the environment and the health of consumers. Faced with these problems some techniques, a new axis has been developed it is the dry extraction (controlled sieving-differential spray). Diospyros mesiliformis is poorly studied regarding the bioactive compounds of its fruits. The aim of this study is to find out the optimal conditions for the dry extraction of bioactive compounds compare to solvent extraction and to study antihyperlipidemic activity of the fruit. Granulometric classes ranging from 50 μm to 315 μm were studied. Hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Diospiros mesiliformis were analyzed for total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total tannin contents. For study of antihyperlipidemiac activity, hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding animals with high fat diet daily and orally ad libitum. Ten groups of five animals in each received normal saline, high fat diet, high fat diet plus D. mesiliformis powder (600 mg/kg) and extracts (600 mg/kg) body weight was given in both models and Atorvastatin (10mg/kg) body weight was given in both models respectively for 30 days. At the end of the study, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), atherogenic index (AI) of rats were evaluated and were compared with the rats treated with Atorvastatin (10mg/kg) body weight. The particle size and the extracts had high influence on the total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid and tannin content as well as on the antihyperlipidemic activity. Diospyros mespiliformis can be safely used in the treatment of mild to moderate cases of hyperlipidemia considering its easy availability, cost effectiveness, and other beneficial effects.

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