To date, lung cancer is one of the most well-understood cancers in terms of molecular mechanisms, with high incidence and mortality rates in the population. Detecting lung cancer-related gene mutations plays a vital role in offering targeted therapy, thereby improving the progression-free survival and overall survival rates of patients. This study aims to identify some clinical features and factors related to non-small cell lung cancer and detect some types of gene mutations related to non-small cell lung cancer by new-generation sequencing techniques on biopsy tissue samples of patients. 40 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were tested to detect gene mutations in biopsy tissue samples by next-generation sequencing. Results showed the majority of patients were male (70%), over 60 years old (65%), in the late stage (100%), and have not received any treatment (85%). 26/40 patients have detected mutations, in which mutations are most frequently in EGFR (27.5%) and KRAS (20.0%), followed by ALK (12.5%), BRAF (5.0%), did not detect mutations on NRAS, ROS1, and PIK3CA. The rate of mutations related to the target drug susceptibility was quite high, no resistant mutants were detected.