No abstract

Studying coastal landscapes is an important and meaningful content in determining the natural and human properties of the territory and territorial sea, which is a valuable scientific basis for spatial planning in the economic development associated with the use of resources and environmental protection. The Quang Ngai’s coastal area is determined according to the continental boundary of 6 maritime districts/ cities and the boundary on the sea of the provincial coastal fishing zone. Coastal landscapes include terrestrial landscapes, marine landscapes, and island landscapes formed by the result of the interaction of natural components and human factors. The landscape structure of the coastal areas in Quang Ngai includes 1 system, 2 sub-systems, 3 classes, 6 sub-classes, 10 types, and 108 kinds of landscapes, In which, there are 75 kinds of terrestrial landscape, 27 kinds of marine landscape, and 6 kinds of the island landscape. The landscapes of the study area have differentiation from west to east (from the low mountain landscapes, hill - plain landscapes to marine landscapes and island landscapes) and from north to south, which is clearly represented in the differentiation of plain landscape kinds. The landscapes are highly variable, sensitive to external impacts, including development activities.

Landscape regionalization plays an important role in delineating the heterogeneous characteristics of territory, and provide the spatial fundamental data for natural resource planning and environmental protection activities. The integrating of the diversity indices (landscape metrics) is expressed the change of landscape structure by the richness and evenness of land-use objectives. In this study, a quantitative landscape regionalization framework is designed from 03 group (attribute factor, driving factor, and diversity factor) of basic landscape unit. By using k-means clustering, the study is classified into 06 sub-regions of 68 watersheds in the administration boundary of Van Chan district, Yen Bai province. With the comparison of region numbers in statistical and practical dimensions, the optimal results are edited and determined 15 sub-regions for uncertainty reduction of landscape regionalization.

In near-shores of Vietnam, there are increasing spatial conflicts among different fishing gear operators as a result of declining and overfishing of small-scale fisheries recently. A challenge facing both small fishers and local governments is identifying more appropriate marine resource governance and public policies to deal with conflicts in the interests of short-term economic feasibility as well as long-term sustainability. This study presents perceived spatial conflicts and priorities in the near-shore seascape of Hoai Nhon district (Binh Dinh, Vietnam). Participatory GIS and questionnaires for local fishers were used to collect data on fishery resources, spatial seascape, spatial conflicts and priorities. Likert scale's weighted mean (wMean), and consensus measure (CnS) were applied to rank spatial conflicts and priorities. The results show that, conflicts among fishing gear operators were ranked at the high level, and no conflict was really serious. The highest conflicts were between trawl operator and others, particularly with baby lobster trap in rocky-reefs. Trawl operations were ranked the lowest priority because of its serious negative impact on fishery resources and other fishing gears. Sustainable fishery management for study area requires the comparative analyses about spatial conflicts before making implementation. A marine spatial planning (MSP) or an integrated spatial planning (ISP) at local scale is considered essential for the study area by focusing on the result of ranking priority of fishing gear operators over each small spatial marine area.