<p>The paper aims to provide a comprehensive, scientific and thorough description of the content and methods of how extra-curricular sports activities are conducted for lower secondary school students in Tay Ninh province. To investigate the dependable data, the research employed a range of trustworthy approaches including document synthesizing, interviewing the students and PE teachers in some lower secondary schools, and evaluating the gathered data. The results indicate that the most popular sports among the PE teachers and students are football, badminton, and volleyball which are mostly organized in group, class, and club practice, without an instructor. About the practice durations, it generally ranges from thirty minutes to two hours, equating to two or three sessions at school. Moreover, these activities usually take place in school, and it is mainly held in the afternoon or after theoretical learning. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0973/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

<p>After using the conventional scientific research methods, observing the steps of document synthesis, interviewing, and checking the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach's Alpha, the paper has come up with five quantitative assessment criteria and eight qualitative assessment questions of the content and forms of extracurricular sports activities for students at secondary schools in Tay Ninh province. This research has contributed to renewing the content and forms of extracurricular sports activities for students at secondary school.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0977/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The paper employs traditional sports research methodologies involving document reference, interview, pedagogical observation, and pedagogical testing. Based on theoretical, practical, pedagogical, and scientific principles, the authors construct an extra-curricular program in swimming and drowning prevention skills for students in grades 6 and 7 in Bac Lieu City, Bac Lieu province. The program is designed to provide students with the ability to identify danger, and grasp the causes of drowning and how to prevent them, thereby developing self-defense skills and drowning prevention. The study team creates a program to teach lower secondary pupils the aforesaid skills in addition to instructing them how to utilize buoys, ropes, towels, poles, and to swim 25 meters breaststroke.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0689/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The paper used routine methods in the field of physical education and sports to identify 6 assessment tests and 14 physical activities aiming to enhance level of physical fitness for tug of war athletes in Ho Chi Minh City. After the experiment, the results indicated that the 14 physical activities have positive impact on the participants’ fitness level. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0887/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

India and Myanmar are two neighboring countries that share the border of nearly 1.500km and have the relationship on history, politics, culture, ethnic... from over 2.000 years to present. India officially established diplomatic relations with Myanmar, just after this Southeast Asian country gained independence (1948). From 1948 to 1992, the bilateral relationship was influenced by India’s foreign policy towards Myanmar, especially the impact of “idealism” and “realism” in India’s policy. “Idealism” succeeded in India’s foreign policy towards Myanmar from 1948 to 1962; however, it was not effective in the period 1962 - 1988, which made India’s position severely decrease, contrary to the rise of China’s position in Myanmar. For this reason, India must innovate the foreign thought, moving from “idealism” to “realism”, which have more pragmatic quality to Myanmar in the years 1988 - 1992 when the international and regional contexts have many changes. On the basis of the reference sources, this research’s aim focuses on analyzing the foreign policy adjustment of India, especially this study will focus on the issue of India - Myanmar relationship (1948 - 1992) was dominated by the “idealism” and “realism” in the planning of foreign policy of India towards Myanmar. The scope of this research is the relationship between India and Myanmar from 1948 to 1992 under the influence of “idealism” and “realism” in India’s foreign policy. From the early 90s of the 20th century, India’s foreign policy towards Myanmar has been more realistic than in the previous period, especially since 1992, when India implemented its new foreign policy, the Look East Policy.   Received: 4 February 2021 / Accepted: 9 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021