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BackgroundSalmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is considered to be one of the most potent pathogenic Salmonella serotypes causing food-borne disease in humans. Since a live bacterial vaccine based on surface display of antigens has many advantages over traditional vaccines, we have studied the surface display of the SE antigenic proteins, H:gm and SefA in Escherichia coli by the β-autotransporter system, AIDA. This procedure was compared to protein translocation in Staphylococcus carnosus, using a staphylococci hybrid vector earlier developed for surface display of other vaccine epitopes.ResultsBoth SefA and H:gm were translocated to the outer membrane in Escherichia coli. SefA was expressed to full length but H:gm was shorter than expected, probably due to a proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal during passage either through the periplasm or over the membrane. FACS analysis confirmed that SefA was facing the extracellular environment, but this could not be conclusively established for H:gm since the N-terminal detection tag (His6) was cleaved off. Polyclonal salmonella antibodies confirmed the sustained antibody-antigen binding towards both proteins. The surface expression data from Staphylococcus carnosus suggested that the H:gm and SefA proteins were transported to the cell wall since the detection marker was displayed by FACS analysis.ConclusionApart from the accumulated knowledge and the existence of a wealth of equipment and techniques, the results indicate the selection of E. coli for further studies for surface expression of salmonella antigens. Surface expression of the full length protein facing the cell environment was positively proven by standard analysis, and the FACS signal comparison to expression in Staphylococcus carnosus shows that the distribution of the surface protein on each cell was comparatively very narrow in E. coli, the E. coli outer membrane molecules can serve as an adjuvant for the surface antigenic proteins and multimeric forms of the SefA protein were detected which would probably be positive for the realisation of a strong antigenic property. The detection of specific and similar proteolytic cleavage patterns for both the proteins provides a further starting point for the investigation and development of the Escherichia coli AIDA autotransporter efficiency.

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Handwriting recognition is one of the core applications of computer vision for real-word problems and it has been gaining more interest because of the progression in this field. This paper presents an efficient model for Vietnamese handwriting character recognition by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) – a kind of deep neural network model can achieve high performance on hard recognition tasks. The proposed architecture of the CNN network for Vietnamese handwriting character recognition consists of five hidden layers in which the first 3 layers are convolutional layers and the last 2 layers are fully-connected layers. Overfitting problem is also minimized by using dropout techniques with the reasonable drop rate. The experimental results show that our model achieves approximately 97% accuracy.

Developing educational institution culture contributes much to the training of learners to become adaptable and useful, moral citizens with lifelong-learning spirits and skills, with standard lifestyle, with awareness and fighting capacity, who can actively and effectively contribute to the development of local communities and of the country. First of all, the article aims to (1) outline the theoretical background of educational institution culture, (2) overview some core values and norms that are of interest in building educational institution culture in the 21st century so as to improve morality, lifestyle and lifelong learning spirits for learners (high school as well as undergraduate students), and then (3) suggest the development and promotion of core values and integrate them into all activities of the educational institutions to achieve the goal of whole-person training via the general analysis of some schools and universities in Binh Duong province. The research group summarizes some relevant contents from various documents, does discourse analysis of some statements in the institutional official websites, studies and observes some schools and universities in Binh Duong province that has attracted a lot of immigrants from many places in Vietnam. The research results show that, due to the big increase in scale and in the needs for the development of schools and universities in terms of quantity and quality, educational institution culture increasingly becomes an urgent issue in Binh Duong province, in which the values of morality, humanity and lifelong learning should be deeply and widely developed. The leaders of educational institutions need to be trained for the procedure and tools of developing educational institution culture.