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Two new compounds, named eudesm-4(15),7-diene-3α,9β,11-triol (1) and eudesm-4(15),7diene-1β,3α,9β,11-tetraol (2) together with three known sesquiterpene lactones (1S,5R,7R,10R)-secoatractylolactone (3), (1S,5R,7R,10R)-secoatractylolactone-11-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (4) atractylenolide III (5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. Their structures were elucidated by using 1D and 2D-NMR spectra and HRESIMS data. Compound 5 exhibited the most active anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 27.5 μM in inhibiting of nitric oxide production. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed moderate effects while compound 4 was inactive.

As part of an ongoing search for new natural products from medicinal plants to treat type 2 diabetes, two new compounds, a megastigmane sesquiterpenoid sulfonic acid (1) and a new cyclohexylethanoid derivative (2), and seven related known compounds (3–9) were isolated from the leaves of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. The structures of the compounds were conducted via interpretation of their spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS), and the absolute configurations of compound 1 were determined by the modified Mosher's method. The MeOH extract of W. chinensis was found to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as by the compounds isolated from this extract. Furthermore, compound 7 showed the strongest effect with IC50 values of 112.8 ± 15.1 μg/mL (against α-amylase) and 785.9 ± 12.7 μg/mL (against α-glucosidase). Compounds 1, 8, and 9 showed moderate α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Other compounds showed weak or did not show any effect on both enzymes. The results suggested that the antidiabetic properties from the leaves of W. chinensis are not simply a result of each isolated compound but are due to other components such as the accessibility of polyphenolic groups to α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities.