We would like to thank all funding partners who supported this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund. For a full list of the 'CGIAR Fund' funding partners please see: http://www.cgiar.org/our-funders/ Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the editors, the authors' institutions, the financial sponsors or the reviewers. ContentsAbbreviations iv Acknowledgements v Executive summary vi 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Covid-19 impacts on wildlife conservation in Vietnam 3.2 Policies and measures in response to Covid-19 3.3 Effectiveness of policies and measures 4 Discussion and recommendations 4.1 Holistic and cross-sectoral approaches for sustainable wildlife management 4.2 Enhance wildlife trade monitoring 4.3 Diversify funding sources for both state and non-state actors 4.4 Post-Covid-19 recovery plans and preventive measures to reduce the risk of future disease outbreaks References List of figures and tablesThis study was funded by the Covid-19 Hub, the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). We would like to express our special thanks to all experts participating in the national policy dialogue on "Assessing the effectiveness of wildlife conservation policies, lessons learned and recommendations for 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050" held on

Bộ NN& PTNT Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn Bộ TN&MT Bộ Tài Nguyên và Môi trường EID Dịch bệnh truyền nhiễm mới xuất hiện IUCN Tổ chức Bảo tồn Thiên Nhiên Quốc tế CITES Công ước về thương mại quốc tế các loài động, thực vật hoang dã nguy cấp HS Hệ thống Hài hòa mô tả và Mã hóa hàng hóa v Lời cảm ơn Nghiên cứu này được tài trợ bởi Trung tâm COVID-19, Chương trình Nghiên cứu CGIAR về Rừng, Cây và Nông lâm kết hợp (FTA), Cơ quan Phát triển Quốc tế Hoa Kỳ (USAID) và Viện Nghiên cứu Chính sách Lương thực Quốc tế (IFPRI). Chúng tôi đặc biệt cảm ơn các chuyên gia tham gia đối thoại chính sách quốc gia về "Đánh giá hiệu quả của các chính sách về bảo tồn động vật hoang dã, bài học kinh nghiệm và đề xuất các giải pháp trong giai đoạn 2021-2030, tầm nhìn đến năm 2050", ngày 13/10/2021 .

List of figures and tablesVietnam is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world with more than 11,000 species of higher vascular plants, 1,000 species of moss, 310 species of mammals, 840 species of birds, 296 reptiles, 192 amphibians, over 700 freshwater fish species and approximately 2,000 saltwater fish species (MARD 2008). The Vietnamese share a tradition of using wildlife products for food and medicine (Government of Vietnam 2004;Workman 2004). In addition, because Vietnam's economy is still underdeveloped, around 25 million people depend on forest products and 8 million people make a living from fishing (World Bank 2005), leading to hunting, animal husbandry and wildlife trade on a small scale, making it difficult to control.Since 1986, Vietnam has started to trade wildlife internationally, and has gradually become one of the consuming markets and an important link in the global wildlife smuggling chain. Vietnam has a long land border and many deep water ports that are convenient for the circulation of international and regional goods (WWF 2016; MARD 2018). With the development of the nation's economy, people's incomes are increasing, leading to increased demand for luxury furniture, fashion, medicines and foods made from animal products, creating a large demand for wildlife trade growth (MARD 2018). Consequently, biodiversity in Vietnam has witnessed a great decline with many flora and fauna species either extinct or in danger of extinction. The number of species on Vietnam's Red List has doubled in under 25 years (1992-2016) (The National Assembly 2019).Faced with this serious decline in biodiversity, the Government of Vietnam has taken drastic measures, such as promulgating policies and legal documents to prevent poaching and trade in endangered species, and became the 121st member country to sign the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1994. In the last two years, due to the influence of the Covid-19 epidemic, Vietnam has become more determined to halt the wildlife trade, not only to avoid the spread of disease in the country, but also to contribute to the protection of its declining biodiversity. However, the wildlife trafficking situation in Vietnam is becoming increasingly serious and complex, and growing in scale and volume (RILO A/P 2014) involving organized smuggling groups with ever more sophisticated and reckless methods (EIA 2021).In the face of increasingly complex international, regional, national and local contexts, Vietnam is trying to perfect its legal framework and improve the effectiveness of its wildlife conservation and management policies. In addition to ensuring national policies are harmonized with international and regional regulatory frameworks, it is assessing policy implementation effectiveness and analysing opportunities and challenges for wildlife management and conservation, completing the legal document system and removing barriers to improve policy effectiveness. Based on a review of secondary liter...