Community-based tourism (CBT) is considered as one of the typical types of tourism towards sustainable development with three important goals such as bringing back economic benefits, protecting natural environment and preserving indigenous cultural values. Therefore, this paper analyzes the factors that affect community ecotourism development associated with environmental protection in emerging economies, including Vietnam, by the method of key and community tourism potential value assessment with 721 sample surveys. In this paper, we have applied to assess the key factors of tourism in Vietnam and other key points to have more comprehensive solutions to promote the development of community-based tourism with environmental protection. The article has used guest-based approach and method of assessing the key success factors. The results of researching factors to develop community tourist (impacting tourist community needs of tourists) by running Logit function have shown the great influence of factors such as: environmental protection (influence factor +3.585780, with a statistical significance of 99%), security and safety (+3.024816-statistical significance 99%) followed by infrastructure conditions & facilities for the community based tourism, the level of information etc… for your community based tourism needs. From the research results, we propose the following policy groups: 1) Developing guidelines for CBT, the first step as a basis for the development of community based tourism laws later; 2) Policies related to the implementation of planning, development of key community tourist areas and destinations; 3) Policies related to the development of community-based tourism

This report provides data on the logistics, scope, and economics of the illegal trade in wildlife in Vietnam. It analyses the main reasons for the rapid growth in this trade and highlights key failures in the country's attempts to control it. This report recommends that the government should strengthen the capacity of the agencies responsible for fighting the trade and raise their budgets. It also highlights the need to use education to encourage Vietnam people to stop consuming illegal wildlife products. The report concludes that given the scale of the problem, a high level of commitment at all levels of government will be needed to significantly affect the illegal wildlife trade in Vietnam.

A gene encoding the B subunit of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) was adapted to the optimized plant coding sequence, and fused to the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal SEKDEL in order to enhance its expression level and protein assembly in plants. The synthetic LTB (sLTB) gene was placed into a plant expression vector under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, and subsequently introduced into the watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) plant by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The integration of the sLTB gene into the genomic DNA of transgenic plants was confirmed by genomic DNA PCR amplification. The assembly of plant-produced LTB protein was detected by western blot analysis. The highest amount of LTB protein produced in transgenic watercress leaf tissue was approximately 1.3% of the total soluble plant protein. G M1 -ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that plantsynthesized LTB protein bound specifically to G M1 -ganglioside, which is the receptor for biologically active LTB on the cell surface, suggesting that the plant-synthesized LTB subunits formed biologically active pentamers.

€Ogren J, Van Nguyen S, Nguyen MK, Dimberg J, Matussek A. Prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium spp in Da Nang, Vietnam, detected by a multiplex real-time PCR. APMIS. 2016; 124: 529-533. We surveyed the prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium spp in individuals with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms residing in and around Da Nang city, Vietnam. Fecal samples were collected from children (n = 100) and adults (n = 80) with GI symptoms and from healthy individuals (n = 88) reporting no GI symptoms. Parasite detection was performed by multiplex real-time PCR. Overall, except for G. duodenalis, we found a low prevalence (<5%) of D. fragilis and E. dispar and no detection of E. histolytica and C. spp in all participants with GI symptoms. Specifically for D. fragilis this contrasts with findings in European populations of children with GI symptoms showing prevalence up to 73%. Moreover, our results indicate that the prevalence of G. duodenalis is higher in patients with GI symptoms compared to asymptomatic individuals and this difference is most obvious in young patients.Key words: Dientamoeba fragilis; Giardia duodenalis; Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium spp; PCR; prevalence.Andreas Matussek, Division of Medical Diagnostics, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, County Hospital Ryhov, 55185 J€ onk€ oping, Sweden. e-mail: andreas.matussek@rjl.seThe World Health Organization (WHO) ranks diarrheal disease as the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the developing world (1). Many studies have been conducted in various geographic areas to identify the etiology of these diarrheal illnesses and to formulate a composite picture for estimating their global burden. The etiological agents of diarrhea include viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Among parasites, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Dientamoeba fragilis are considered to be the most common (2-4).Dientamoeba fragilis is a flagellate that varies in prevalence from 1% to 70% depending on mode of detection and population studied (5, 6).Transmission of D. fragilis is not fully understood. It is thought to be transmitted via the ova of Enterobius vermicularis (7, 8) and also a cyst form has recently been detected that may play a role in the transmission (9). Its pathogenicity has been debated and studies have shown a correlation between infection and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in Swedish children (10).Giardia duodenalis is a flagellate common in most parts of the world and is considered as the most common non-viral cause of diarrhea. Infections can cause acute diarrhea with or without vomiting and fever, chronic infections causing malnutrition, lactose intolerance and abdominal pain, or asymptomatic infections (11).Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebic colitis, amoebic dysentery, and amoebic liver Received 8 December 2015. Accepted 23 ...

Despite the number of studies focusing on the financial analysis of production activities, conducting on technical solutions, and improving water quality, no study has been conducted on the application of economic instruments that apply to water quality management in craft villages, and several studies of WTP also. This study aimed to estimate the households' willingness-to-pay for wastewater treatment in selected traditional agro-food processing villages in Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam. A pilot Choice Experiment (CE) technique in Choice Modelling (CM) approach was applied for this study with 267 selected agro-food processing households by using the conditional logit (CL) and random parameter logit (RPL) models. The results showed that total annual environmental fee for wastewater treatment from agro-food processing households is estimated as 1089 million VND (equal to US$47,868 per year) for the total of 902 agro-food processing households in three research sites in Nhue-Day River Basin. This estimated budget for wastewater treatment accounted for 55.85% of total annual operation and maintenance costs only. In addition, the technology is improved to enable 90% of treated wastewater. Overall, the results of this study suggest the new wastewater treatment plant construction and improved wastewater collection system by increasing the investment in order to improve the water quality in Nhue-Day River Basin that brings about the reducing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and human health risks.