Doctoral education programs, being the cradle of the next-generation scientists and scholars, undertake the mission of transforming a talented student into a promising scholar. This transformation is featured by two simultaneous processes: academic professionalization and scholarly socialization. Institutional environment, academic advisors, and more importantly the interaction between these factors and individual students play the key roles in the transformation. Using data from a longitudinal survey of Cohort 2014 doctoral students in Tsinghua University, this study explores students' experience during the first year in a doctoral program-a crucial stage of the transformation, with a focus on their preparation for and initial adaption to the role of a scholar. Implications for doctoral students, academic advisors, and institutions are discussed based on the findings.
PZT thick films were prepared using electrophoretic deposition EPD process with special emphasis placed on the powder packing behavior on silicon substrates. The suspending medium used was an ethanol solution containing an appropriate amount of HCl to introduce surface charges to the PbZr, TiO 3 particles, which were deposited on PtTiSiO 2 Si substrates under a constant electrical field. It was found that the deposited microstructure gradually changed across the film thickness: large particles were initially deposited, followed by the deposition of small particles. Such a phenomenon was explained by using the Derjauin-Landau-VerweyOverbeek DLVO theory which considers a particle size effect on the surface charge responsible for the EPD process.
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a promising, simple and cost-effective method for fabrication of piezoelectric ceramic films. In this study, commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powders were deposited onto silicon wafers coated with platinum electrodes by using EPD method in ethanol solution with a few amount of HCl to introduce surface charges to PZT particles. The sintering densification of the
EPD-derived green PZT films were attempted with approaches: addition of a low-temperature eutectic sintering aid consists of Cu2O and PbO, infiltration of PZT sol into the green film. Thick PZT films on Si wafers were obtained by sintering at 700oC with sintering aid and sol-infiltration.
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