Rice is a crop that is consumed as a staple food by the majority of the people in the world and therefore failure in rice crops, due to any reason, poses a severe threat of starvation. Rice blast, caused by a fungus Pyricularia oryzae, has been ranked among the most threatening plant diseases of rice and it is found wherever rice is grown. All of the rice blast disease management strategies employed so far have had limited success and rice blast has never been eliminated from rice fields. Hence, there is a need to look for the best remedy in terms of effectiveness, sustainability, and organic nature of the method. This study was aimed at determining the plant growth-promoting and fungicidal effects of a mixture of Piper caninum and Piper betle var. Nigra leaves extracts and rhizobacteria. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis of a mixture of leaves extracts of these plants revealed the presence of new bioactive compounds such as alpha.-gurjunene, gamma.-terpinene, and ethyl 5-formyl 3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl) in a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra. The mixture of these extracts reduced the intensity of blast disease, inhibited P. oryzae, and improved the growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. All treatments comprising of different concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts of P. caninum and P. betle var. Nigra plus rhizobacteria exhibited biocontrol and bioefficacy. However, a 2% concentration of a mixture of these leaves extracts with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibited potent inhibition of growth of P. oryzae, a significant reduction in the intensity of blast disease, and a maximum increase in growth, yield, and quality of Bali rice. In the 15th week, the intensity of blast disease decreased from 80.18% to 7.90%. The mixture of leaves extract + PGPR also improved the height of the plant, the number of tillers, number of leaves, number of grains per panicle, number of heads per panicle, and the full-grain weight per clump. Applications of various concentrations of a mixture of leaves extracts + PGPR resulted in improvement in the potential yield of rice, however, the application of 2% extracts + PGPR gave the highest potential yield of 5.61 tha−1 compared to the low yields in the control and other treatments. The high grain yield observed with the treatment was caused by the low intensity of blast disease. This treatment also strengthened the stem and prevented the drooping of the plant and improved the quality of rice grain.

Rice is a plant that has been intensively breed, especially in Asia, most of the population’s staple food is rice. There were Many types of rice varieties have been developed for high yeald production. Different rice diseases arise that many treat to reduce production. Such as curvularia spotting disease caused by the fungus Curvularia sp. Infection of Curvularia species causing leaf spots, leaf blights, kernel root, grain deformation and other diseases are well known globally. It was discovered that the small brown oval spots on the Ciherang rice variety cultivated in Bali, Indonesia was caused by Curvularia verruculosa. This disease could reduce the rice yield up to almost 50%. The application of commercial fungicide by the local farmers has not been satisfactorily successful in term of controlling the disease but instead bring damages to the environment and the soil as well. Farmer’s safety is also another serious issue. The current studi develop a natural and green fungicide to check the efficacy of Piper caninum extract against the fungi. Research in the laboratory uses a completely randomized design and research in the field uses a randomized group design.The method of making leaf extracts uses maceration method. Diffusion well technique showed a strong inhibition of the abstract against the C. verruculosa with 22mm inhibition. Zone with a total inhibition of 4% extract concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was low of 0.5%. Scanning electron images of the treated fungi showed hollow and wrinkled mycelia morphology indicating lysis of the cell has occurred. P. caninum leaf extract at a concentration of 3% provides the highest obstacle to the intensity of C. verruculosa disease, whereas in the treatment of leaf extract concentration p. caninum 4% intensity of C. verrucuosa disease has decreased because rice plants are toxic at a concentration of 4%. Further research is needed regarding the treatment of P. caninum leaf extract against C. verruculosa in rice fields.

Dragonfly is an insect which belongs to the Odonata order and consists of the suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies) and the suborder Zygoptera (damselflies). Its habitat is very wide including in the rice field. Dragonflies and damselflies are predatory insects, both in the form of nymphs and adults, so their role is very important in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The research was conducted to finding out the dragonfly species found in rice plantations in rice fields around the Denpasar area. Sampling was done by catching using insect nets on rice plantations, in the morning from 08.00 to 11.00 WITA, and in the afternoon from 15.00 to 17.00 WITA. Dragonfly samples obtained were then preserved to be identified by observing the morphological characters based on Hanum et al. (2013), and Sigit et al. (2013). Dragonfly species found in rice plantations areas in several rice fields around Denpasar are as many as 8 species which are included in 2 suborder, namely suborder Anisoptera (5 species) and suborder Zygoptera (3 species), Species of suborder Anisoptera (Potamarcha congener) only found in rice plantations in East Denpasar. Keywords: insects, dragonfly habitat, identification, morphological characters

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) and tamarind are herbal ingredients that are widely used in traditional medicine. The study was conducted to determine the effect of continuous supplementation of turmeric extract and tamarind fruit on kidney performance. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of: control, 2% water extract concentration of turmeric rhizome, 2% tamarind fruit water extract, 2% water extract mixture of turmeric rhizome and tamarind. The experimental units were 20 with 10 experimental animals in each experimental unit. There were 200 experimental animals were used. Renal histology was prepared using the paraffin method, and serum creatinine levels were tested by the spectophotometric method. Qualitative data was presented in images, and quantitative data is analyzed using the SPSS for window program The results showed that broiler serum creatinine levels were not significantly different between control and treatment. Kidney histology data showed no significant difference between the histology of the control kidney and the broiler kidney supplemented by water extract of turmeric rhizome and tamarind fruit. Water extract supplementation of turmeric and tamarind fruit 2% did not have a negative effect on kidney performance and serum creatinine level.

Many antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and saponins are contained in starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola). The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of star fruit extract in mice. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments, namely P1 (aquadest without alloxan) as a negative control, P2 (aquadest with alloxan) as a positive control, P3 (metformin 500 mg / kgBB), P4 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves. 100 mg / kgBB), P5 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves 150 mg / kgBB), P6 (alloxan + ethanol extract of star fruit leaves 200 mg / kgBB). The starfruit leaf extract was made using the maceration method. In order for experimental animals to become diabetic, alloxan is used at a dose of 120 mg / kgBW which is injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscles. After the experimental animals were diabetic, We were given ethanol extract of starfruit leaves according to the experimental design, starting from day 7th to day 21st. Blood glucose levels are measured with a glucometer every week. The results showed that the best decrease in blood glucose levels occurred in the first week and the second week. In the first week, the metformin treatment was able to reduce blood glucose by 88.4%, while the ethanol extract treatment of star fruit leaves at a dose of 200 mg / kg BW was able to reduce blood glucose levels by 60%. The ethanol extract of star fruit leaves has antidiabetic activity. Keywords: mice, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, starfruit leaves.