No abstract

The negative and positive consequences of internet games were less explored among medical students' population. The aim of this current study was to investigated the association between time spent for playing internet games and Grade Point Average (GPA) as well as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) risk among medical students. A total of 438 students in academic year 2016-2017 completed the self-report questionnaire, that covered socio-demographic information, GPA, time spent for internet gaming/day, and IGD screening. The statistical analysis used  2 test. The average age of the respondents was 20.2 ±1.57 year. The respondents comprised of 37.13% male and 62.87% female students. The percentage of male and female players was 97.5% and 93.8% respectively. Male students were more at risk of IGD (29.56%) compared to their female counterparts (10.04%). Although time spent for internet gaming/day was associated with IGD risk (p<0.001), it was not associated with GPA (p=0.501). There was no significant GPA difference between students who played internet games <3 hours/day and >3 hours/day and those who never play at all. Further study is required to explore the factors related to GPA among medical students.

The current study aims to perform microencapsulation of R. tuberosa L. extracts using chitosan crosslinked to sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) as wall materials by spray drying and to analyze their in vitro biological activities. The influence of manufacturing conditions, like pH, chitosan concentration, and stirrer time, was assessed. Results showed that microcapsules prepared in pH 4 with a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) chitosan, and 90 min stirring time had 51.80% encapsulation efficiency and high in vitro biological activity. These were shown by high in vitro alpha amylase inhibition and antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 50.65 μg/mL and 123.97 μg/mL, respectively. Releases of the bioactive compounds in microcapsules of R. tuberosa L. were carried out on phosphate buffer medium pH 2.2 and pH 7.4 with times release of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The bioactive compounds were released in pH 2.2 in 120 min at 2.48%. At pH 7.4, the active ingredients were more easily released, by 79.90% in 120 min. The microcapsules’ morphology showed a rough surface with spherical forms and the average sizes were 53.41 μm. This study supports the essential role of microencapsulation in improving plant extracts with reserved biological activities.

No abstract

Indonesia is one of the main commercial producers of sweet potatoes. Previous study has presented well documented anthocyanin content of Purple Sweet Potatoes (PSP) from local cultivar in Indonesia. However, research about amino acids profiling of local cultivar PSP as high commodities in Kawi Mountain region has not undertaken. This study was explored amino acids profiles in two morphological PSP cultivated in Kawi Mountain region, Ngajum Village, Wonosari Subdistric, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Fresh storage roots were cleaned with running water and shade dried. The analysis was conducted at PT.Saraswanti Indo Genetech, Bogor, Indonesia. Method of UPLC was used for identification of Ser, Glu, Phe, Ile, Val, Ala, Arg, Gly, Lys, Asp, Leu, Tyr, Pro, Thr, His, Cys and Met; while tryptophan was analyzed using HPLC method. The five largest amino acids in dark-purple skin and flesh PSP were Glu 565.75 mg/kg, Asp 479.74 mg/kg, Arg 413.54 mg/kg, Ala371.87 mg/kg and Leu 336.67 mg/kg, whereas white flesh and purple skin PSP contained Glu 653.67 mg/kg, Asp 447.60 mg/kg, Arg 314.41 mg/kg, Lys 278.77 mg/kg and Leu 256.97 mg/kg. Future research is needed to investigate the health benefit of amino acids content in PSP from Kawi Mountain cultivar.