Background: Perinatal stroke includes fetal or prenatal stroke and neonatal stroke. It has been hypothesized that an abnormality in the placenta could be one of the risk factors for perinatal stroke and placental pathology could reveal a pattern of stroke. The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature to identify the role of the placenta in perinatal stroke, ascertain the prevalence of placental pathology and establish uniform terms to describe placental pathology. Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE databases were searched from 2001-2016 with specific search terms and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Sixteen articles met the specific predetermined selection criteria; including five case reports, one prospective study, one review article and nine retrospective studies. The studies indicated placental pathology contributing as a possible risk factor for perinatal stroke. Placental pathology was available only in less than half the stroke cases; of them 60-100% had abnormal pla-cental pathology. Conclusions: The studies suggest that the placenta may be the new "black box" for perinatal stroke, though most studies reported multifactorial risk factors for stroke presenting in the first 2-3 days of life. There was strong correlation between an abnormal placenta and stroke. The placenta was discarded before any clinical presentation of stroke, though most studies suggested placental examination. We suggest appropriate storage of the pla-centa for at least 72 hours, as this may give a potential opportunity to explore a placental cause for perinatal stroke.

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study of 72 cases of uterine rupture was conducted over 1 year (from September 2006 to August 2007) in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh to evaluate the maternal outcome of different types of surgery, to assess the maternal mortality and maternal morbidity. All cases of ruptured uterus which were received & treated and did not die within 30 minutes of admission are included in the study. Data were collected by preformed data collection sheet. The results showed that the common age groups were between 20-30 years in 31(68.00%) cases. Among all ruptured cases, 6 cases (8.33%) were Primigravida, 52 cases (72.22%) were between gravida 2nd to 4th and 14 cases (19.44%) were gravida 5th or above. Among all cases, 66 cases (91.66%) required blood transfusion; Subtotal hysterectomy was done in 36 cases (50.00%), total hysterectomy in 4 cases (5.56%), and repair of the rent in 32 cases (44.44%). Associated operations were done along with repair or hysterectomy in 13 (18.05%) cases. Postoperative complications were found in 23 (31.94%) cases. The shortest stay was 8 days & the longest stay was 62 days. The hospital staying was about 2 weeks in 48(66.70%) cases. Among 10 death cases (13.90%) maximum patient died within first 5 hours. The causes of maternal death were due to septicemia, renal failure and shock in 20%, 30% and 50% respectfully. CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 20-26

The second most common cancer among women worldwide is cancer of the cervix commonly develop due to abnormal cervix. To evaluate abnormal cervix by cytology and colposcopy, a prospective study was undertaken among 100 women attending at the colposcopy clinic in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from January 2008 to July 2008. Cytological and colposcopic evaluation were done in all the patients attending the colposcopy clinic with various complaints like per vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, dyspareunia, irregular per vaginal bleeding, backache and abnormal cervix on examination. A biopsy was taken from 53 cases of colposcopically abnormal or clinically doubtful cervices. Cytology and colposcopy findings were compared with the histological results. Study results revealed that 26 apparently healthy cervices in naked eye examination showed abnormal cytology in 8 cases and premalignant and malignant changes was seen in 9 among colposcopically abnormal 11 cases. Among the 40 cases of ectropion, abnormal cytology found in 11 and premalignant and malignant changes in 13 cases. In 11 cases of nabothion cyst, 4 had abnormal cytology and premalignant changes in 2 cases. Among 10 erythema cases, 3 showed abnormal cytology and 6 showed premalignant and malignant changes. One ulcer case revealed malignancy on cytology, colposcopy and histopathology. The other 12 cases, abnormal cytology found in 7, premalignant and malignant changes found in 8. On cytological examination, abnormal cytology found in 34 cases, among these 26 revealed premalignant and malignant on biopsy report. Out of 66 negative cytological smear cases, 23 colposcopically positive and biopsy showed 13 cases as premalignant and malignant. So, 13% cases of premalignant and malignant lesion may be overlooked if cytology alone was used for screening.  This study revealed that colposcopy examination significantly reduces false negative cytology.  Results of this study concluded that combined procedures enhance diagnostic accuracy. CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 3-11