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Crowdsourcing and weak supervision offer methods to efficiently label large datasets. Our work builds on existing weak supervision models to accommodate ordinal target classes, in an effort to recover ground truth from weak, external labels. We define a parameterized factor function and show that our approach improves over other baselines.

We recommend using a model-centric, Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) formalism to obtain useful explanations of trained model behavior, different and complementary to what can be gleaned from LIME and SHAP, popular data-centric explanation tools in Artificial Intelligence (AI).We compare and contrast these methods, and show that data-centric methods may yield brittle explanations of limited practical utility.The model-centric framework, however, can offer actionable insights into risks of using AI models in practice. For critical applications of AI, split-second decision making is best informed by robust explanations that are invariant to properties of data, the capability offered by model-centric frameworks.