Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allograft obtained from human cadaveric bone that has osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. A wide array of specific DBM products is available, and each has its own biochemical, safety, and efficacy profiles. This study reviews comparison studies of brand-specific DBM products, including Allomatrix (Wright Medical Technology, Memphis, Tennessee), DBX (Depuy Synthes, Suchwil, Switzerland), Grafton (Osteotech, Eatontown, New Jersey), Orthoblast (Integra Orthobiologics, Plainsboro, New Jersey), and Osteosponge (Bacterin International, Belgrade, Montana), in an attempt to propose the most efficacious DBM product for bone grafting of various orthopaedic applications. Secondarily, we evaluate these specific DBM products in their potential use of tibial plateau fractures, which our future clinical research aims to achieve. A definitive gold-standard DBM product is lacking for orthopaedic use because of the scarcity of clinical research comparing specific brand products, limited study sample sizes, and lack of standardization in the creation of DBM products. Level of Evidence: Level III.

Context Students enrolled in health professional (HP) programs receive varying amounts of credit hours dedicated to nutritional education, and obesity remains an issue in the United States among healthcare providers. Objectives To assess whether HP students differ in nutrition and exercise habits from non-health professional (NHP) students at a single university, and whether any gender-related differences existed in those habits. Methods From September 25, 2018 to October 10, 2019, a 16-question multiple-choice survey was distributed via e-mail or in person to HP and NHP students enrolled at Nova Southeastern University (NSU) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Questions targeted participant dietary and exercise habits. Each question had five multiple-choice answer options, each of which was assigned a coded value to compare similarities and differences between the HP and NHP groups. Results Of 732 responses (569 HP, 163 NHP), results showed no statistically significant difference between enrollment groups (p>0.05) in any response parameter including consumption of sweets, fast food, red meat, caffeine, water, fruit, and vegetables. Comparisons among sexes demonstrated significant differences. Women consumed less red meat, water, and protein, and women participated in less exercise compared to men. Women also consumed more sweets compared to men. Conclusions Results suggest that NSU students enrolled in HP and NHP programs have similar nutritional concepts and eating habits. This may indicate a need to strengthen nutritional education in dietary health and wellness for HP students.

The princeps pollicis artery (PPA) is typically a direct branch off the deep palmar arterial arch. Identified is a 90-year-old female cadaver in which the right hand has a duplicated PPA and radialis indicis (RI) artery. These vessels originate from the superficial palmar arterial arch as variant vessels as well as from the deep palmar arterial arch. The superficial arch appears in its classic pattern, while the duplicate PPA and RI present at the radial aspect of the superficial arch in the volar first web space with clear communication to the superficial radial artery. There are many common surgical procedures that require precise knowledge of the first web space, such as Dupuytren's contracture release, trigger thumb release, and syndactyly release at the first web space. Further, percutaneous pinning of fractures at the base of the thumb may pose an inherent risk to the underlying vessels. Understanding these variations of hand vasculature is of clinical significance in disciplines such as orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery and vascular surgery.

Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are complex injuries of the tibia that involve the articular surface and commonly have depression of subchondral and metaphyseal bone. Common sequelae of this injury include arthritis and gait disturbances. A popular surgical strategy for this fracture calls for elevation of subchondral bone to restore the joint line, in turn leaving a metaphyseal bone void; this is then commonly secured with plates and screws. Autologous bone has been the gold-standard graft option to fill these voids, but other filling agents such as allografts, biologic grafts, and xenografts are gaining popularity TPF surgery. This is because bone graft substitutes provide predictable outcomes in the treatment of TPF and avoid complications such as donor site pain, infection, increased blood loss, and increased operative time that is seen with autografts. This review explores the benefits, complications, and outcomes of clinically researched graft substrates used for TPF reconstruction. Secondarily, we aim to find potential graft candidates for future clinical research that will progress the treatment of TPF. Internet searches with specific keywords were conducted on different journal databases to find clinically researched graft options in the treatment of TPF within the last 10 years. Multiple studies of various bone graft substitutes achieved similar, if not better results than autologous bone grafts in the treatment of TPF. A summary of each clinically researched graft in this review can be found in Table 1. Establishing a graft selection protocol remains a challenge for fracture surgeons, as well as choosing the best graft material. Future studies should aim to establish a superior graft substrate based clinical outcomes, while minimizing the cost and morbidity to the patient.