I analyze the impact of the ACA Medicaid expansions on food hardship in US households. Utilizing cross-state, over time variation in Medicaid expansion, I find the ACA expansions reduced the probability a low-income household is low food secure by between 2.3 and 3.9 percentage points, is very low food secure by between 2.7 and 4.6percentage points, and is food insecure by 6.5 percentage points. The results are robust to a variety of definitions of food hardship, model specifications, and definitions of Medicaid expansion.

We analyse the role of culture in economic freedom reform and dispersion in an unbalanced panel of up to 80 countries, and in dyadic models with up to 3,003 unique country pairs. We find that a sense of individualism strengthens the effectiveness of democracy in promoting economic freedom within countries over 1950–2015, and that institutional distance between countries increases in their cultural distance, suggesting an important role of culture in determining long-run institutional equilibria. Our results are robust to a large variety of socio-economic controls, measures of institutions and measures of bilateral geographic, economic and demographic distances.

After vaginal delivery, opportunistic salpingectomy is more cost effective than bilateral tubal ligation for reducing the risk of ovarian cancer.