No abstract

The broad interest in concurrent engineering has inspired research in the area of decomposition in mechanical design. Much of the research reported in the literature falls into one of three categories: (1) product decomposition, (2) problem decomposition, or (3) process decomposition. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the typology of decomposition in mechanical design. Related work is described and examples are provided to illustrate the need for decomposition of products, problems, and processes in design. Representation techniques and methodologies for decomposition are outlined. Finally, future research issues in decomposition in mechanical design are identified.

The broad interest in concurrent engineering has inspired research in the area of decomposition in mechanical design. Much of the research reported in the literature falls into one of three categories: (1) product decomposition, (2) problem decomposition, or (3) process decomposition. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the typology of decomposition in mechanical design. Related work is described and examples are provided to illustrate the need for decomposition of products, problems, and processes in design. Representation techniques and methodologies for decomposition are outlined. Finally, future research issues in decomposition in mechanical design are identified.

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has shown that detecting single molecules with a high spatial resolution is possible in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at low temperature with plasmonic metallic substrates. It is still challenging to probe interactions of molecules with semiconductors, which is important in biosensing, photovoltaics, and many other applications. Here we demonstrate that in ambient conditions it is possible to obtain Raman signals from submonolayer molecular islands on bulk MoS 2 using TERS. Analysis of relative Raman signal intensity ratio and Raman spectral peak position from spatial TERS mapping showed differences in the adsorbate− adsorbate and adsorbate−substrate interactions on Au and MoS 2 substrates. The Raman transition which involves the vibration of the metal center of the CuPc molecule experienced a change in the relative Raman signal intensity ratio due to the differences in the molecule−substrate charge transfer interaction. In comparison to the other vibrational modes, the vibrational modes of the surface charge transfer interacting moieties involving the metal center experienced the smallest shift in the Raman spectral peak position on both Au and MoS 2 substrates. Further, the distributions of the peak position and relative intensity were narrower at the center of the island with respect to the isolated molecules due to the adsorbate−adsorbate interaction. This study shows the contribution of charge transfer between molecules and MoS 2 in the TERS spectra.