Introduction Since 2015, interest in the benefits of outdoor play for physical, emotional, social and environmental health, well-being and development has been growing in Canada and elsewhere. Methods This scoping review aims to answer the question, “How, and in what context, is children’s and youth’s outdoor play being studied in Canada?” Included were studies of any type on outdoor play published after September 2015 in English or French by authors from Canadian institutions or assessing Canadian children and/or youth. Articles retrieved from MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus by March 2021 were organized according to eight priority areas: health, well-being and development; outdoor play environments; safety and outdoor play; cross-sectoral connections; equity, diversity and inclusion; professional development; Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play; and COVID-19. Within each priority, study design and measurement method were tallied. Results Of the 275 articles included, the most common priority area was health, wellbeing and development (n = 239). The least common priority areas were COVID-19 (n = 9) and Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play (n = 14). Cross-sectional studies were the most common; the least common were rapid reviews. Sample sizes varied from one parent’s reflections to 999 951 data points from health databases. More studies used subjective than objective measurement methods. Across priorities, physical health was the most examined outcome, and mental/emotional development the least. Conclusion A wealth of knowledge on outdoor play in Canada has been produced since 2015. Further research is needed on the relationship between outdoor play and mental/emotional development among children and youth.
Introduction Depuis 2015, au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde, on assiste à une croissance de l’intérêt pour les bienfaits du jeu à l’extérieur (en plein air) sur la santé, le bien-être et le développement dans leurs dimensions physique, émotionnelle, sociale et liée à l’environnement. Méthodologie Cet examen de la portée vise à répondre à la question suivante : « De quelle façon et dans quel contexte étudie-t-on le jeu à l’extérieur chez les enfants et les jeunes au Canada? » Toute étude portant sur un type de jeu à l’extérieur publiée à compter de septembre 2015 en anglais ou en français par des auteurs issus d’établissements canadiens ou évaluant des enfants ou des jeunes du Canada a été incluse. Les articles, extraits des bases MEDLINE, CINAHL et Scopus jusqu’en mars 2021, ont été classés selon huit thèmes prioritaires : la santé, le bien-être et le développement; les environnements de jeu à l’extérieur; la sécurité et le jeu à l’extérieur; les relations intersectorielles; l’équité, la diversité et l’inclusion; le développement professionnel; les peuples autochtones et les jeux à l’extérieur axés sur le territoire; la COVID-19. Pour chaque sujet, nous avons recensé les types d’étude et de méthode de mesure. Résultats Sur les 275 articles retenus, le plus courant parmi les sujets prioritaires était la santé, le bien-être et le développement (n = 239) et les moins courants étaient la COVID-19 (n = 9) ainsi que les peuples autochtones et les jeux à l’extérieur axés sur le territoire (n = 14). Le type d’étude le plus courant était l’enquête transversale, et le moins courant était la revue rapide. La taille de l’échantillon allait des réflexions d’un seul parent à 999 951 points de données issus de bases de données sur la santé. Les études étaient plus nombreuses à s’appuyer sur des méthodes de mesure subjectives que sur des méthodes de mesure objectives. Sur l’ensemble des sujets prioritaires, la santé physique s’est révélé le critère de résultat le plus étudié et le développement mental et émotionnel, le moins étudié. Conclusion Une profusion de connaissances sur le jeu à l’extérieur au Canada a été produite depuis 2015. De plus amples recherches sont nécessaires sur le lien entre le jeu à l’extérieur et le développement mental et émotionnel des enfants et des jeunes.
Introduction Since 2015, there has been growing interest in Canada and beyond on the benefits of outdoor play for physical, emotional, social and environmental health, wellbeing and development, for adults as well as children and youth. Methods This scoping review aims to answer the question, “How, and in what context, is adult-oriented outdoor play being studied in Canada?” We conducted an electronic search for peer-reviewed articles on outdoor play published in English or French after September 2015 by authors from Canadian institutions or about Canadian adults. The 224 retrieved articles were organized according to eight priorities: health, well-being and development; outdoor play environments; safety and outdoor play; cross-sectoral connections; equity, diversity and inclusion; professional development; Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play; and COVID-19. We tallied the study designs and measurement methods used. Results The most common priority was outdoor play environments; the least common were COVID-19 and Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play. Cross-sectional studies were the most common; no rapid reviews were identified. Sample sizes varied from one auto-ethnographic reflection to 147 000 zoo visitor datapoints. More studies used subjective than objective measurement methods. Environmental health was the most common outcome and mental/emotional development was the least. Conclusion There has been a staggering amount of articles published on adult-oriented outdoor play in Canada since 2015. Knowledge gaps remain in the relationship between outdoor play and adult mental/emotional development; the connections between environmental health and Indigenous cultures and traditions; and how to balance promoting outdoor unstructured play with protecting and preserving natural spaces.
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