The symmetrical peripheral gangrene syndrome is characterized by ischemic distal lesions in two or more extremities, without the obstruction of large vessels. The ischemia affecting extremities takes place when the arterial blood flow is insufficient to satisfy the metabolic demands of muscles in rest. We present a 22-year-old patient treated with norepinephrine after a septic shock suspicion who presented distal ischemia of fingers, toes, and scalp. There is no consensus about the initial treatment. Improved data gathering is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved, which could improve treatment and prevent amputation as the final therapeutic option.
Introducción: La enfermedad tromboembólica es una de las complicaciones serias en la cirugía ortopédica. La tromboprofilaxis para las cirugías de tobillo y pie no está estandarizada, porque la incidencia es baja, según la bibliografía. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar un algoritmo de prevención para la trombosis venosa profunda y una revisión de la bibliografía.Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados entre 2011 y 2017. La muestra estaba integrada por 696 hombres (28,98%) y 1706 mujeres (71,02%), con un promedio de edad de 51 años (rango 20-82). Se realizaron 2402 procedimientos, 575 (23,94%) fueron por patologías traumáticas y 1827 (76,06%), por patologías ortopédicas.Resultados: Nueve pacientes (0,37%) presentaron trombosis venosa profunda y solo dos, tromboembolismo pulmonar (0,08%). Los procedimientos en los que ocurrieron fueron: artroscopia, reparación aguda del tendón de Aquiles, hallux valgus y fractura del 5.° metatarsiano.Conclusiones: Se recomienda un enfoque multimodal para la profilaxis de la trombosis venosa profunda. Esto incluye abordar los factores de riesgo modificables, mediante la profilaxis mecánica, la movilización temprana y la profilaxis química. La heparina de bajo peso molecular es eficaz para reducir la tasa de trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolismo pulmonar. AbstractIntroduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major complication in orthopedic surgery. According to the literature, thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery is not a standardized practice due to the low incidence of DVT.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of surgical patients. Between 2011 and 2017, 1591 surgeries were performed, 6 of them due to symptomatic DVT.Results: The incidence of DVT in major orthopedic surgeries, such as knee and hip, is well documented, but there are only a few reports about its incidence in foot and ankle surgery. It is considered a relatively rare complication in many published studies; thus, preventive drug therapy is not routine practice.Conclusions: A multimodal approach to DVT prophylaxis for high-risk patients is recommended. All risk factors should be addressed, such as mechanical prophylaxis, early mobilization, and the use of chemoprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin is effective in reducing the rate of clinically significant DVT and is also likely to reduce the rate of pulmonary embolism.
Introducción: La lesión del ligamento calcaneonavicular ha sido descrita como una de las causas de la deformidad en el pie plano del adulto. El objetivo de este artículo es describir portales modificados para el diagnóstico y la reparación endoscópica de las lesiones del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y evaluar la seguridad de los portales utilizados. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cadavérico con seis preparados reproduciendo una lesión del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular con una punta de corte de radiofrecuencia y la posterior reparación endoscópica. Se crearon dos portales modificados para el abordaje. Luego se procedió a la disección anatómica para evaluar la seguridad de los portales en relación con las estructuras anatómicas. El primer portal se realiza inmediatamente proximal a una línea trazada desde la punta del maléolo medial dirigida al centro del talón, el segundo portal se emplaza 0,5 cm proximal a la inserción del tendón tibial posterior en el escafoides por transiluminación. Si es necesario, se coloca un portal accesorio inmediatamente dorsal al tendón tibial posterior a mitad de camino entre los dos portales antes descritos. Resultados: En todos los casos, fue posible la reparación del ligamento con el procedimiento endoscópico. En la disección anatómica de los portales, se observó una distancia promedio a las estructuras vasculonerviosas de 11,83 mm del portal proximal y de 9,66 mm del portal distal. Conclusión: Los portales modificados son seguros y permiten la visualización directa del haz superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y su reparación endoscópica.
Background: Spring ligament fulfils 2 main important functions: one, supporting the head of the talus and stabilizing the talonavicular joint, and the other, maintaining the longitudinal arch by acting as a static support. In this preliminary report, we describe an endoscopic repair for spring ligament injuries with modified portals. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series study from February 2019 to January 2022. Posterior tibial tendon and/or associated bone deformities were assessed at the same surgical procedure. All patients were ≥18 years old and they had more than 6 months of follow-up. The procedure was performed in 11 patients. Mean age was 46 years (range 18-63). Ten had concomitant bony realignment surgery, and 8 had posterior tibial tendon surgery. Results: In all patients, endoscopic spring ligament repair could be technically done. The modified portals were used in all procedures as described in the surgical technique. Three patients had a superficial lesion, 1 had a rupture <5 mm, 7 had a rupture >5 mm but not a complete rupture through the entire spring ligament. Most of the patients had good clinical results from the surgery that included endoscopic spring ligament debridement and/or repair at 2 years follow up Conclusion: In this small series we found that endoscopy may be an effective technique to diagnose and treat incomplete spring ligament injuries. Level of Evidence: Level IV,retrospective case series.
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